Randomised Controlled Trials Flashcards

1
Q

Efficacy?

A

Test an intervention in ideal conditions

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2
Q

Effectiveness?

A

Does the intervention work in the real world

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3
Q

What limits confounding?

A

Randomisation

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4
Q

Internal validity?

A

Extent to which the observed difference between 2 groups can be correctly attributed to the intervention tested

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5
Q

External validity?

A

Extent to which outcomes observed in the study apply to people outside the sample included in the trial ie. generalisability

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6
Q

Bias?

A

A tendency of an estimate to deviate in one direction away from true value

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7
Q

Observer and detection bias?

A

Outcome measure does not adequately capture outcome of interest and does it measure equally between 2 groups

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8
Q

Selection bias e.g?

A

Allocated groups different at outset

Study sample does not represent target population

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9
Q

Solution to observer bias?

A

Blinding to exposure intervention disease status or hypothesis

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10
Q

Attrition bias?

A

Participants dropping out of an RCT

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11
Q

Performance bias?

A

Different treatment of different arms in an RCT i.e one get paid

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12
Q

Publication bias?

A

RCTs do not find between group differences less likely to be published

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13
Q

Clinical Equipoise?

A

Ethical basis for medical research that involves assigning patients to different treatments i.e is one treatment better than other

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14
Q

Steering committee?

A

Individuals who come together throughout the trial to provide an independent oversight on the efficacy and validity of the trial

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15
Q

So only which type of study provides experimental evidence for Bradford Hill criteria?

A

RCT

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