Principals Of Articulation

Question 1

Synarthrosis?

Answer 1

Immovable

Question 2

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 2

Partial movement

Question 3

Diarthrosis

Answer 3

Freely moveable

Question 4

Fibrous joints are?

Answer 4

Synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

Question 5

Fibrous joints are split into 3 types?

Answer 5

Sutures
Syndesmosis
Interosseous membrane

Question 6

Sutures unite?

Answer 6

Skull bones

Question 7

Ossification of a suture forms a ?

Answer 7

Synostosis, left and right sides if frontal bone fuse at age 6

Question 8

Syndesmosis compared to suture is?

Answer 8

More connective tissue,

greater distance,

connective tissue arranged into bundles

Allows slight movement

E.g anterior tibiofibular ligament

Gomphosis- joint between tooth or jaw

Question 9

Interosseous membranes are?

Answer 9

Amphiarthrosis

Question 10

Cartilaginous joints held together by?

Answer 10

Fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage-greater orientation

Question 11

Cartilaginous joints permit?

Answer 11

Little or no movement

Question 12

Cartilaginous joints are 2 types?

Answer 12

Synchrondosis

Symphysis

Question 13

Sychrondosis is made of?

Answer 13

Hyaline cartilage- permit no movement

Question 14

Example of synchrondosis?

Answer 14

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 15

At skeletal maturity what happens?

Answer 15

The epiphysis, metaphysis and epiphyseal plate fuse forming a syostosis

Question 16

Symphysis are made of?

Answer 16

Fibrocartilage, adjacent bones lined with hyaline cartilage

Question 17

Symphysis are?

Answer 17

Amphiarthrosis

Question 18

Synovial joints contain?

Answer 18

Synovial cavity and articular cartilage, freely moveable

Question 19

Articular cartilage covers?

Answer 19

Bones at synovial joints and is avascular

Question 20

Articular cartilage is formed by?

Answer 20

Collagen and proteoglycan

Question 21

Articular capsule comprises of?

Answer 21

Outer fibrous membrane connects to periosteum

Synovial membrane- areolar connective tissue rich in elastic fibres - sometimes contains structural articular fat pads

Question 22

Synovial fluid is?

Answer 22

Rich in hyaluronic acid, secreted by fibroblast like cells and interstitial fluid from plasma

Question 23

Examples of intracapsular ligaments?

Answer 23

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee, not bathed in fluid but covered by folds in synovial membrane

Question 24

Extracapsular ligaments example?

Answer 24

Fibulae and tibial collateral ligament

Question 25

Fibrocartilage pads example?

Answer 25

Meniscus of the knee or articular discs

Question 26

Planar?

Answer 26

Surfaces flat or slightly curved.

Allow back and forth movement, and side to side

E.g inter carpal joints/ intertarsal joints

Question 27

Hinge?

Answer 27

Concave surface of one bone fits into convex surface of another

Permits motion in one axis i.e flexion and extension

E.g knee and elbow

Question 28

Pivot?

Answer 28

Pointed surface of one bone pivots inside a ring formed by the other bone and a ligament

Permits rotation in its longitudinal axis

Radioulnar joints
Atlanta-axial joints

Question 29

Condyloid?

Answer 29

Convex oval projection of one bone fits into the oval depression of the other

2 axis- flexion/extension
Adduction/abduction

E.g wrist/ metacarpalphalangeal joint

Question 30

Saddle?

Answer 30

Modified condyloid joint

Permits 2 axis but also slight rotation

Example- carpometacarpal

Question 31

Acromioclavicular is what type of joint?

Answer 31

Planar but acts like a pivot

Question 32

Sternoclavicular joint is?

Answer 32

Synovial saddle but can move triaxial

Question 33

Examples of syndesmosis?

Answer 33

Anterior tibial fibular ligament

Go ptosis ( dentoalveolar)

Question 34

Menisci help with?

Answer 34

Maintaining joint stability and directing the flow of synovial fluid

Question 35

Glenohumeral joint is stabilised by which ligaments?

Answer 35

Coracohumeral
Glenohumeral
Transverse humeral