Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 1

In response to stress the phagocyte activity?

Answer 1

Decreases

Question 2

Catecholamines cause?

Answer 2

Increased breathing rate
Increase bp via vasoconstriction
Increased hr

Question 3

Corticosteroids role?

Answer 3

Increase protein and fat mobilisation
Increased access to bodily energy stores
Suppress inflammatory response and antibody formation

Question 4

General adaptation syndrome has 3 phases?

Answer 4

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

Question 5

Why is prolonged stress harmful?

Answer 5

Allostatic load- body actively copes with stress trying to find a new balance

Question 6

High allostatic load for a long time results in?

Answer 6

Decreased cell mediated immunity

Inability to shut off cortisol in response to stress

Question 7

Transactional model says?

Answer 7

No direct link from stressor to stress

Question 8

What is secondary appraisal?

Answer 8

Can i cope with the situation, resources meet the challenger threat harm etc. Which will result in stress

Question 9

2 modes of coping?

Answer 9

Emotion focused- behavioural/cognitive

Problem focused- reducing demands of situation/ increased resources to deal with stressful situation

Question 10

Increased sociability is associated with…?

Answer 10

Decreased risk of developing a cold

Question 11

High levels of loneliness and small social networks result in…?

Answer 11

Lowest antibody response to a flu vaccination

Question 12

Depression affects immunity how?

Answer 12

Greater susceptibility to infections
Slower wound healing
Reduced number and function of lymphocytes/ NK cells
Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines
Increase in IL6- mediator of fever and inflammation

Question 13

Dose response effect?

Answer 13

Longer, severe depression has worse immune effects

Question 14

Depression is linked to more rapid progression of?

Answer 14

HIV/AIDS

Cancer

Question 15

Effect of personality on immune system?

Answer 15

Greater proliferation of helper T lymphocytes/ NK cell cytotoxicity

Question 16

Positive affects in HIV people can?

Answer 16

Better viral control

Question 17

What does sympathetic nervous system do to immune activity?

Answer 17

Increase i.e NK cells

Question 18

What does HPA do to immune activity?

Answer 18

Suppresses via cortisol

Question 19

Allostatic load is?

Answer 19

Physiological cost of prolonged fluctuation or elevated of SNA or HPA axis responses

Question 20

Measures of allostatic load include?

Answer 20

Decreased cell- mediated immunity

Inability to shut off cortisol in response to stress

Question 21

What is primary appraisal?

Answer 21

Is it positive, negative, neutral?

Harmful threatening challenging

Question 22

What are direct effects of social support?

Answer 22

Via psychosocial influences on endocrine/immune function

People feel less stressed if they are supported

Question 23

What are indirect effects of social support?

Answer 23

People who provide social support can encourage better coping

More likely to adhere to meds
More likely to use health services

Question 24

What are the direct and indirect effects of depression?

Answer 24

Directly on immune system

Indirectly- poor sleep
Unhealthy behaviour
Lower adherence

Question 25

Optimistic personality, emotional expressiveness, extraversion is associated with?

Answer 25

NK cell cytotoxicity, proliferation of helper t lymphocytes

Question 26

Positive events/ moods have…?

Answer 26

Longer lasting effects on immune function than negative

Question 27

Positive affects are linked with?

Answer 27

Better viral control in HIV positive people