Classification Of Immunological Disease

Question 1

Type I Gell and Coombes?

Answer 1

IgE antibody directed against allergen triggers mast cell degranulation

E.g cat allergy
Seasonal rhinitis

Question 2

Type II Gell and Coombes?

Answer 2

A pathogenic antibody directly causes disease e.g autoimmune haemolysis
Haemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 3

Type III Gell and Coombes?

Answer 3

Antibody-antigen complex mediated disease

E.g serum sickness,

Hypersensitivity pneumonia is

Lupus

Question 4

Gell and Coombes type 4?

Answer 4

Inflammation directly mediated by T cells

Contact dermatitis
Tuberculin reaction

Question 5

Mast cells release?

Answer 5

Histamine, tryptase and other pre-formed mediators

Question 6

Isoantibodies?

Answer 6

Develop against similar antigens on surface of gut bacteria and cross react with red cell antigens

Question 7

Autoimmune haemolysis causes what in the foetus?

Answer 7

Growth retardation, cardiovascular failure, neurotoxicity from high bilirubin levels

Question 8

What are Theseus negative mothers give?

Answer 8

Anti D igG during pregnancy

Question 9

Risk of maternal sensitisation is reduced from?

Answer 9

16% to 0.1%

Question 10

Autoimmune haemolysis prevents with?

Answer 10

Anaemia and jaundice

Question 11

Type III hypersensitivity can cause?

Answer 11

Large quantity of antigen/antibody
Strong interaction

Become insoluble and cause disease

Question 12

What is a sign seen in infective endocarditis?

Answer 12

Osler’s nodes- antibody- antigen complexes blocked in capillaries

Also seen in SLE

Question 13

Serum sickness?

Answer 13

Rash
Fever
Arthritis
Glomerylonephritis

Serum snake put in humans

Question 14

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

Answer 14

Sensitised to an environmental antigen producing large doses of igG antibodies.

Immune complexes from in lung upon re-exposure causing shortness of breath and cough

Mould spores in hay farmers lung

Pigeon feather and stool

Initially transient but lung scarring

Question 15

Delayed type hypersensitivity?

Answer 15

Antigen specific effector T cells, after 24 hours

Contact dermatitis in skin

Question 16

What happens in contact dermatitis?

Answer 16

Highly reactive small molecules penetrate skin and react with self proteins.

They create hapten complexes picked up by langerhans cells with migrate to regional lymph nodes

Process and present with MHCII. Activated T cells migrate to dermis.

E.g nickel

Question 17

Tuberculin skin test?

Answer 17

Determine previous tb exposure.

24-72hour response, mediated by th1 cells

Tuberculin antigens added into skin

Question 18

Interferon gamma release assay?

Answer 18

MTB peptides eSAT 6 and CFP10 added to blood.

MHC2 and secretes IL2

If previous exposure memory cell with produce interferon gamma

But with no primed memory T cells- no interferon gamma in short timeframe

Question 19

What is T-SPOT method?