Mucosal Immunity

Question 1

MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHATIC TISSUE IS DIVIDED INTO

Answer 1

Bronchus associated lymphatic tissue

Gut associated lymphatic tissue

Question 2

Surface area of mucosa?

Answer 2

400m2 60% of effector cells

Question 3

Endogenous flora number is?

Answer 3

10 to power of 14- x10 more than human body cells

Question 4

Regionalised immune system?

Answer 4

Peyer’s patches

Waldeyer’s ring ( lingual, palatine and nasopharyngeal tonsils)

Question 5

Microbiota?

Answer 5

Actual microorganisms

Question 6

Microbiome?

Answer 6

Totality of their genes

Question 7

Healthy food increase?

Answer 7

Mucus secretion and antimicrobial peptides

Question 8

Unhealthy food cause>

Answer 8

Enhance mucus degradation

Reduce antimicrobial peptides

Question 9

What is the function of mucus?

Answer 9

Keep bacteria away from epithelium

Question 10

Prudent diet gives rise to?

Answer 10

Rich in fibre
Production of SCFA by bacteria
Increase mucus production
Increased expression of tight junction proteins

Question 11

On basolateral surface of gut which TLR do you have?

Answer 11

5 and it tightens tight junction upon contact with bacteria

Question 12

What is NLR in cytoplasm activated by?

Answer 12

Flagellins ( invading bacteria)

Question 13

Paneth cell produce?

Answer 13

Defensins 5 and 6 and trypsin

Question 14

What does trypsin do?

Answer 14

Activates human Defensin 5 and 6 by proteolytic cleavage

Question 15

What is in the mucus?

Answer 15

Antibacterial peptides and antibodies of IgG and igA

Question 16

What do M cells do?

Answer 16

Transport antigens from gut lumen to supepithelial lymphoid structures

Question 17

Largest amount of lymphoid tissue is found?

Answer 17

Waldeyer’s ring and terminal ileum

Question 18

Peyers patches are located in?

Answer 18

Distal ileum in areas of follicle associated epithelium

Question 19

Peyers patches increase from?

Answer 19

60 in foetal life to 240

Question 20

Peyers patches contain?

Answer 20

Germinal centres for b and t cells

Question 21

Follicle associated epithelium contains?

Answer 21

M cells, about 100-150 per PP

Question 22

What are M cell features?

Answer 22

Small microvilli

Large cell membrane fenestrations ( antigen uptake from gut lumen - fluid phase endocytosis)

Transcellular transport mechanism for antigen

Exocytosis at basolateral membrane- delivering antigen to dendritic cells of underlying lymphatic structures

Question 23

Follicular dendritic cells are not?

Answer 23

APCS no class II MHC, fix antigen of surface to make it easy for B cells

Question 24

Follicular areas contain?

Answer 24

Follicular dendritic cells
Lymphoid follicles
Macrophages

Question 25

Interfollicular areas contain?

Answer 25

B cells T cells Macrophages Dendritic cells

Question 26

B cells/ T cells enter via?

Answer 26

High endothelial venules

Question 27

Hyper igM syndrome is?

Answer 27

X linked | Lack of CD40L on T cells

Question 28

Plasma cells in gut produce?

Answer 28

igA- produced in presence of TGF beta/ nitric oxide, which come from dendritic cells

Question 29

What percent of effector cells in the mucosa?

Answer 29

60

Question 30

What are the induction sites?

Answer 30

Peyers patches | Mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 31

What are the effector sites?

Answer 31

Lamina propria immune cells and intraepithelial immune cells

Question 32

How are igA formed?

Answer 32

Dendritic cells release NO and TGF beta to class switch