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204 > Autoimmune Disease 2 > Flashcards

Autoimmune Disease 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Autoantibodies are not always?

A

Pathogenic

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2
Q

DiGeorge syndrome is due to?

A

Failur elf migration of 3rd and 4th branchial arches

Can cause thymocytes aphasia, congenital heart defects, cleft palate, absent parathyroid

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3
Q

IPEX immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathic x linked?

A

Rare x linked mutation FoxP3 gene

Can cause iBD

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4
Q

HLA system is encoded on chromosome?

A

6

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5
Q

HLA system classes?

A

1- A,B,C

2- DR, DP and DQ

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6
Q

How many people are affected by coeliac disease?

A

1%

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7
Q

Manifestations of cealic?

A

Anaemia, vitamin deficiency, weight loss, loose stool, poor growth in children

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8
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Is autoimmune but triggered by exogenous antigen gluten

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9
Q

What do you see in coeliac disease microscope?

A

Villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration
HLA- DQ2 and DQ8- both or either

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10
Q

What happens to gliadin?

A

Gut tissue transglutamine 2 enzyme to form gliadin peptide

HLA DQ2/8 present these peptides to T cells

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11
Q

How many Europeans express HLA-DQ2/8?

A

30-50%

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12
Q

Molecular mimicry?

A

Presentation of viral peptides or CD4 causes T cell activation
Viral peptide is similar to host derived peptide, T cell initiates inflammation

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13
Q

Autoimmune haemolysis after mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Mycoplasma antigen has homozygous to I antigen on red blood cells
IgM antibody to mycoplasma may cause transient haemolysis

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14
Q

Clinical onset of diabetes type 1 only happens when you have lost what percent of the pancreas?

A

90%

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15
Q

HLA class II alleles and risk?

A

DR3 or DR4 risk is 6

DR3 and DR4 risk is 15

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16
Q

Lupus seen mostly in?

A

Asian/ African descent, women

17
Q

What predisposes to lupus?

A

Deficiency C1q, C2 and. C4 because can’t clear immune complexes

18
Q

Pemphigus disease?

A

Thin walled Bullare on skin and mucus membranes- rupture easily
Target is the intracellular cement protein desmoglein 3 in superficial skin layers

19
Q

Plasmapheresis?

A

Antibody is causing disease, therefore removal e.g vasculitis

20
Q

Molecular mimicry?

A

Epitopes relevant to the pathogen are shared with host antigens

21
Q

Conditions for molecular mimicry?

A

Correct MHC molecule to present epitope

Correct T cell to recognise it

22
Q

What happens at molecular level in SLE?

A

Anti nuclear antibodies, apoptosis

23
Q
A

Indirect immunoflourescence in blood

Solid phase immunoassay in blood

Direct immunofluorsence in tissues

24
Q

Drugs for immunomodulation?

A

Systemic corticosteroids

Small molecule immunosuppressive drugs, methotrexate

25
Q

Examples of molecular mimicry?

A

Autoimmune haemolysis after mycoplasma pneumoniae, homology to i antigen on rbc

Rheumatic fever, streptococcal infection then affects joints heart skin and brain

Protein 2C from coxsackie virus has homology with islet cell antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase

26
Q

Presentation of lupus?

A 
Butterfly rash
Photosensitivity
Hives
Serositis- pleurisy, pleural effusion, pericarditis
Renal
Nephritis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Joint pain 
autoimmune cytopenia
27
Q

SLE is most common in?

A

Women of reproductive age who are Asian and African descent

28
Q

What may be the cause of lupus?

A

Antinuclear antibodies, and division apparatus

Immune complex disposition

Disordered apoptosis

Classical component deficiency 1,2,4

29
Q

Indirect immunoflorescence?

A

Glass slide with tissue
Then patient serum with antibodies or not
Then detection antibody with fluorescent marker, then look through microscope

30
Q

What happens in ELISA?

A 
TgT solution
Then samples with antibody
Then anti igA antibody binding to igA Fc
Convalenly linked to horse radish peroxidase
Then trigger added
31
Q

Pemphigoid?

A

Antibody mediated disease

Target is antigen at dermo-epidermal junction

Thick walled Bullae

32
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs are?

A

Systemic corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Azathiprine
Cyclosporine

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