Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is a low energy fracture?
A fracture which occurs without excessive trauma or
Follows a fall from nearly a standing height or less
What percent of people with hip fracture die within a year?
20
What percent of people with a hip fracture have a permanent disability?
30
What is a vertebral fracture?
Vertebral body collapses
Clinical and silent vertebral fractures?
Increase pain and reduce activity
How much do fractures cost per year and day?
2.1 billion
5 million a day
Why is bone strength reduced?
Reduced bone mineral calcium
Deterioting architecture
Change in crystal size and composition
Abnormal collagen
How to optimise peak bone mass?
Exercise
Diet
Sex hormones
Genetics
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Genetic disorder characterised by extreme fragility of bones
When would you give preventative treatment?
Over 65
Steroids over 3 months
How can being vegan affect bone density?
Higher fibre can impact GI transit time and reduce levels of micronutrients
Which nutrients enhance absorption?
Lactose oligosacharides
Calbindin is?
Intracellular rate limiting molecule
UK recommended daily intake of vit D is?
400 i.u in winter months/daily to raise serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D
What is a marker for vit K status?
Osteocalcin
What does osteocalcin do?
Builds and heals bones
Why is zinc needed in bone metabolism?
Produces the matrix of collagen protein threads upon which the bone forming calcium phosphorus compound is deposited
N-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are suggested to?
Stimulate osteoblasts survival promote osteoblasts genesis and recent bone resorption
Why is vitamin c needed?
Collagen synthesis
What percent of people with kyphosis have fallen?
64%
What is the biggest indicator of a hip fracture?
Vertebral fracture, over 55% have it
Hip fracture cause?
95% from fall
How many people die from hip fracture?
1 in 5
Osteoblasts are?
Mechanoreceptors
What disorders predispose to osteoporosis?
Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Pituitary disease
Every 1 SD below BMD mean for younger adults?
Doubles fracture risk
What drugs do you use to inhibit osteoclast action?
Biphosphonates
Bisphosphonates?
Alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate
In morning with glass of water standing up
No food for 30 mins
Alendronate can cause?
Contact stomatitis
Osesophageal ulcer
Atypical femoral shaft fracture?
1/10,000
What can bind to RANK ligand?
Denosumab, 6 monthly injection
Selective estrogen receptor modulators?
Raloxifene
Anabolic drug?
Teriparatide
