Osteoporosis

Question 1

What is a low energy fracture?

Answer 1

A fracture which occurs without excessive trauma or

Follows a fall from nearly a standing height or less

Question 2

What percent of people with hip fracture die within a year?

Answer 2

20

Question 3

What percent of people with a hip fracture have a permanent disability?

Answer 3

30

Question 4

What is a vertebral fracture?

Answer 4

Vertebral body collapses

Question 5

Clinical and silent vertebral fractures?

Answer 5

Increase pain and reduce activity

Question 6

How much do fractures cost per year and day?

Answer 6

2.1 billion

5 million a day

Question 7

Why is bone strength reduced?

Answer 7

Reduced bone mineral calcium

Deterioting architecture
Change in crystal size and composition
Abnormal collagen

Question 8

How to optimise peak bone mass?

Answer 8

Exercise
Diet
Sex hormones
Genetics

Question 9

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 9

Genetic disorder characterised by extreme fragility of bones

Question 10

When would you give preventative treatment?

Answer 10

Over 65

Steroids over 3 months

Question 11

How can being vegan affect bone density?

Answer 11

Higher fibre can impact GI transit time and reduce levels of micronutrients

Question 12

Which nutrients enhance absorption?

Answer 12

Lactose oligosacharides

Question 13

Calbindin is?

Answer 13

Intracellular rate limiting molecule

Question 14

UK recommended daily intake of vit D is?

Answer 14

400 i.u in winter months/daily to raise serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D

Question 15

What is a marker for vit K status?

Answer 15

Osteocalcin

Question 16

What does osteocalcin do?

Answer 16

Builds and heals bones

Question 17

Why is zinc needed in bone metabolism?

Answer 17

Produces the matrix of collagen protein threads upon which the bone forming calcium phosphorus compound is deposited

Question 18

N-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are suggested to?

Answer 18

Stimulate osteoblasts survival promote osteoblasts genesis and recent bone resorption

Question 19

Why is vitamin c needed?

Answer 19

Collagen synthesis

Question 20

What percent of people with kyphosis have fallen?

Answer 20

64%

Question 21

What is the biggest indicator of a hip fracture?

Answer 21

Vertebral fracture, over 55% have it

Question 22

Hip fracture cause?

Answer 22

95% from fall

Question 23

How many people die from hip fracture?

Answer 23

1 in 5

Question 24

Osteoblasts are?

Answer 24

Mechanoreceptors

Question 25

What disorders predispose to osteoporosis?

Answer 25

Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Pituitary disease

Question 26

Every 1 SD below BMD mean for younger adults?

Answer 26

Doubles fracture risk

Question 27

What drugs do you use to inhibit osteoclast action?

Answer 27

Biphosphonates

Question 28

Bisphosphonates?

Answer 28

Alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate

In morning with glass of water standing up

No food for 30 mins

Question 29

Alendronate can cause?

Answer 29

Contact stomatitis

Osesophageal ulcer

Question 30

Atypical femoral shaft fracture?

Answer 30

1/10,000

Question 31

What can bind to RANK ligand?

Answer 31

Denosumab, 6 monthly injection

Question 32

Selective estrogen receptor modulators?

Answer 32

Raloxifene

Question 33

Anabolic drug?

Answer 33

Teriparatide