Causation And Study Design Flashcards

1
Q

Case control?

A

Condition present in group so look back at risk factors

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2
Q

Cohort study used to calculate?

A

Incidence/ and identify exposures

Split participants to who have had exposure and who haven’t

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3
Q

Difference between cohort and case control?

A

Cohort- they have exposure and check for outcome

Case control- selected by outcome status then check for exposures

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4
Q

What is RCT used for?

A

Test safety and efficacy of interventions

Groups should be identical before intervention is provided

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5
Q

Case study?

A

One patient and descriptive in terms of experience of disease and treatment

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6
Q

Which study design has greatest evidence for causal association?

A

RCT

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7
Q

Analytic studies?

A

Providing evidence between cause and association e.g RCT, case control and cohort

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8
Q

Difference between observational and experimental studies?

A

Experimental provides intervention, but in observational you never affect anything, natural occurring circumstances

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9
Q

Cofounder?

A

Third variable exerting influence, possibly causing a and b, both dependent and independent variable causing a spurious association

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10
Q

Bradford hill criteria?

A

Linking cause and outcome

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11
Q

Bradford hill criteria includes?

A
Strength of association
Consistency
Specificity 
Temporality
Plausibility
Coherence
Biological gradient 
Experimental evidence 
Analogy

Only RCT design can do all of this

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12
Q

What is temporality?

A

Exposure proceding disease

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13
Q

Biological gradient?

A

Increased exposure corresponds to increased disease

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14
Q

Coherence?

A

Association consistent with other knowledge of the topic

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15
Q

Plausibility?

A

Rational scientific basis for exposure disease association

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16
Q

What is a cross sectional study?

A

A defined population is surveyed to simultaneously measure disease and exposure

With inclusion and exclusion criteria

17
Q

In a case control the sample is selected based on?

A

Outcome status

And then you try to identify relevant exposures

Always retrospective- past exposures

18
Q

In a cohort study sample based on?

A

Exposure

Used to calculate incidence of the disease

Can be retrospective and prospective

19
Q

An RCT is used to?

A

Tests safety, efficacy of interventions