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204 > Anatomy Of The Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Why is locking mechanism important?

A

Reduces amount of energy needed when extended

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2
Q

What is the femoral angle?

A

Between anatomical axis and mechanical axis, the Q angle which is roughly 15 degrees

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3
Q

Genu varum?

A

Medial displacement of tibia, bow legged, decrease in Q angle

Common in children under 2, rickets

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4
Q

Genu valgum?

A

Lateral displacement of tibia, knock kneed, increase in Q angle

Common in children aged 2-4, rickets and arthritis

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5
Q

Extracapsular ligaments?

A

Medial collateral and lateral collateral

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6
Q

Interacapsular ligaments?

A

Anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate

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7
Q

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments attach to?

A

Intercondylar area of tibia

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8
Q

Lachman test?

A

Lay down supine and knee bent 20-30 flexion
Move tibia anteriorly and posteriorly while maintaining position of femur

Laxity during this manoeuvre indicates anterior cruciate ligament injury

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9
Q

Which is the principal stabiliser of the knee joint?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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10
Q

Unhappy triad?

A

Rupture of
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus

Due to twisting on a flexed knee, blow to lateral side
Such as contact sport

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11
Q

Iliotibial tract is?

A

The deep fascia

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12
Q

Oblique fibres of vastus medialis?

A

Pull the patella inside, to prevent lateral tracking of patella

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13
Q

Extensor mechanism formed by?

A

Patella, patellar ligament

Quadriceps tendon

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14
Q

What is seasmoid?

A

Within tendons

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15
Q

What does quads tendon do?

A

Extension of knee

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16
Q

Hamstrings muscles?

A

Biceps femoris semimembraneous and semitendinous

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17
Q

Hamstring origin?

A

Close to ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

What helps with unlocking extended leg?

A

Popliteus

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19
Q

After adductor hiatus femoral artery will be called?

A

Popliteal artery

20
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial bicondylar hinge,

Extension flexion, some rotation when flexed

21
Q

Which factors contribute to the locking mechanism?

A
  1. Shape of femur
  2. Rotation
  3. Centre of gravity
22
Q

What does medial rotation of the femur on tibia in extension do?

A

Tightens ligaments of the knee

23
Q

Where Is the centre of gravity?

A

In front of knee, hence maintains extension

24
Q

Lateral collateral ligament is?

A

Strong round cord, prevents medial displacement of tibia

Therefore if you get tear then you get varus deformity, which is less common

25
Q

Medial collateral ligament is?

A

Broad flat band, which prevents lateral displacement

Tear of it will cause valgus deformity

26
Q

Medial collateral ligament attaches to?

A

Medial meniscus

27
Q

Of the cruciate ligaments one is always?

A

Tense

28
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament passes?

A

Upwards forwards and medially

29
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament passes?

A

Upwards backwards and laterally

30
Q

With a flexed knee medial rotation is?

A

10 deg because ligaments are tightened

31
Q

With a flexed knee lateral rotation is …?

A

60 degrees because ligaments unwind

32
Q

Which cruciate ligament is easily injured?

A

Anterior due to sports injuries, sudden twisting of knee

33
Q

What are menisci?

A

Crescent shaped plates of fibrocartilage, deepen the articulating surface

Shock absorbers

Provide smooth viscous film for joint

34
Q

Horns of menisci attach?

A

Intercondylar area of tibia

35
Q

Why is the unhappy triad unhappy?

A

Poor blood supply to intracapsular structures, doesn’t repair easily

36
Q

What does iliotibial tract do?

A

Reinforces joint capsule

And stabilises the extended knee

37
Q

What protects quadriceps tendon from stresses during locomotion?

A

Patella

38
Q

Why are lateral and medial patellar retinaculum?

A

Aponeurosis extensions of vastus lateralis and medialis, help stabilise patella

39
Q

Fracture to the patella will result in?

A

Loss of active extension

40
Q

What are the flexors of the leg?

A

Hamstrings and gastrocnemius

Hamstrings also medially and laterally rotate leg when its flexed

41
Q

What is the purpose of bursae?

A

Protection and reduce friction

42
Q

Where do bursae occur?

A

At tendon insertions

43
Q

What is seen in carpet fitters and housemaids knee?

A

Prepatellar burisitis

44
Q

What is seen in clergyman knee and in roofers?

A

Infrapatellars bursitis

45
Q

Baker’s cyst?

A

Abnormal fluild filled sacs in popliteal fossa due to herniation of bursa

Seen in arthritic patients

46
Q

How to treat bakers cyst?

A

Aspiration and cortisone injection

47
Q

Other branches around knee are called?

A

Geniculate branches

204 (58 decks)

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