MT3 Flashcards
Primary immunodeficiency?
Immunodeficiency that is due to an inborn defect, often genetic, rather than occurring as part of another disease process
SCID, RAG 1/2 immunodeficiency
RAG 1 required for somatic recombination events between VDJ segment that produce t and B cell receptors
No adaptive immunity?
Nut allergy leading to facial angiodema and low bp?
Peanut allergens bind to preformed anti peanut igE antibodies on surface of mast cells
Cross linking of contiguous epitomes of adjacent igE molecules activates mast cell degranulation, release of preformed mediators: histamine, tryptase and production of other leukotrienes.
Pharmalogical effects include increased capillary permeability, vasodilation, leading to clinical features of anaphylaxis
Why is cross matching necessary precaution before transplanting a solid organ into a patient?
Antibodies in patients blood will react to donors antigen causing hyper acute rejection which is a life threatening complication
Why is HLA matching not requirement for liver transplantation?
Highest urgency, less time
Well accepted despite mismatch
Liver carries passenger leukocytes that will colonise the host and give rise a chimeric immune system which helps induce tolerance
Ibuprofen class?
NSAIDS
Other examples of NSAIDS
Naproxen
Aspirin
Diclofenac
Indomethacin
Side effect and toxicities of ibuprofen at standard doses?
Peptic ulcer GI bleeding Abdominal pain Nausea Rash Anaphalyaxis Nephrotoxicity
flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus insert where?
FDS middle phalanx
FDP distal phalanx
Role of rectus femoris and gluteus medius?
Rectus femoris - flexor of thigh and extensor of leg
Gluteus medius- abduction and medial rotation
Borders of femoral triangle?
Medial border of sartorius
Medial border of adductor longus
Inguinal ligament
Clinical important of femoral triangle?
Site of femoral hernia, access to femoral nerve for nerve block, venepuncture, angioplasty
Female patient who has developed a flat foot, pes planus. Which arch?
Medial longitudinal
Which tendon is injured in flat foot?
Tibialis posterior
Features of C6 cervical rediculopathy?
Neck pain radiating down the arm
Loss of supinator reflex
Numbness affecting thumb and index finger only
Sensory and motor sign on examination of suggested carpal tunnel syndrome
Impairment of the loaf muscles
Loss of sensation in the lateral 3.5 fingers
What is compartment syndrome?
Abnormally increased pressure within a specific anatomical region of the leg
Slink all signs of acute compartment syndrome?
Pain out of all proportion of the original injury
Pain increased on passive stretching
Tense swollen limb
Early sensory loss
Reduced distal pulses
Weakness of compartment muscles
Joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Wrist MCPJ PIPJ, MTPJ, knee hip jaw ankle elbow cervical spine
Abnormalities seen in tests for patient with rheumatoid arthritis/
Raised inflammatory markers ESR/CRP
Raised rheumatoid factor
Anaemia
Short term treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Oral NSAIDs
Corticosteroid given by IM or intra-articular injection
