Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

[diagnose]

odorless, colorless gas

headache, confusion, decreased visual acuity, cherry red skin

A

CO

Tx: Hyperbaric Oxygen, 100% O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

[diagnose]

colorless, irritating gas; forms sulfurous acid in contact with mucus membranse

conjuctival and bronchial irritation

A

Sulfur dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

[diagnose]

brownish irritant gas

cause irritation of the ENT, lung, pulmonary edema

A

Nitrogen oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

[diagnose]

bluish irritant gas produced in water purification devices and electrical fields

irritation and dryness of mucosa, pulmonary function impaired at higher concentrations, chronic exposure leads to bronchitis, bronchiolitis, emphysema

A

Ozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

[diagnose]

CNS depression, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity

halogenated solvents

A

CCl4, Chloroform, trichloroethylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

[diagnose]

CNS depression, ataxia, coma

aromatic hydrocarbons

A

Benzene
toluene
xylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

[diagnose: pesticide]

tremors, seizures, infertility and breast, brain, balls cancer

chlorinated hydrocarbons

A

DDT and its analogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

[diagnose: pesticide]

diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

A

Carbamates, Organophosphates

Tx: Atropine + pralidoxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

[diagnose: botanical insecticides]

initial excitation followed by paralysis of ganlionic, CNS and neurmuscular transmission

A

Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

[diagnose: botanical insecticides]

GI distress when ingested, conjunctivitis, dermatitis after direct contact

A

rotenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

[diagnose: botanical insecticides]

causes contact dermatitis; large quantities cause seizures, and peripheral neurotoxicity

A

pyrethrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

[diagnose: herbicides]

muscle hypotonia and coma, increases risk of NHL

includes Agent orange

A

Chlorophenoxy acids

  1. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
  2. 2,4,5, trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (agent orange)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most widely used herbicide in the world

A

glycophosate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

[diagnose: herbicides]

initial effect is GI irritation with hematemesis and bloody stools; progressive pulmonary impairment

A

Glycophosate

Example: Paraquat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

[diagnose: environmental pollutants]

used in manufacturing electrical equipments

acne, erythema, folliculitis, hyperkeratosis; mild increase in liver enzyme

A

polychlorinated biphenyls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

[diagnose: environmental pollutants]

cystic acneiform lesions that form on the face and upper body, carcinogenic and teratogenic

A

Dioxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

[diagnose: environmental pollutants]

cause fibrotic lung disorder, shortness of breath

associated with lung cancer, mesothelioma, cancers of the GIT

A

asbestos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

acute abdominal colic, acute encephalopathy, acute encephalopathy

children who have ingested large quantities of chips or flakes of paint

A

lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

chronic exposure of this heavy metal, peripheral neuropathy (wrist drop), anorexia, anemia, tremor, weight loss, GI symptoms

in child: growth retardation, neurocognitive deficits, developmental delay

A

chronic lead poisoning (plumbism)

Tx: oral succimer in outpatients

EDTA +/- Dimercaprol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

hallucinations, headache, irritability, convulsion, coma;

contained in antiknock gasoline additives

A

organic lead poisoning

21
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

released during coal burning;

severe GI discomfort, vomiting, rice-water stools, dehydration, shock

sweet garlicky odor in breath and stools

A

Acute arsenic poisoning

Tx: dimercaprol

22
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

released during coal burning;

hair loss, bone marrow depression and anemia, chronic nausea and Gi disturbances,

Transverse bands in nails

raindrop hyperpigmentation, milk and roses complexion, hyperkeratosis

A

chronic arsenic posoning

23
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

semiconductor company;

headache, dyspnea, weakness, vomiting, abdominal pain, massive hemolysis

A

Arsine gas

Tx: exchange transfusion, vigorous hydration, hemodialysis

24
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

dental laboratories, wood preservative, seed dressings, fungicides

A

mercury

25
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

chest pain, SOB, N/V, renal damage, CNS damage,

life threatening hemorrhagic gastroenteritis then renal failure

A

Acute inorganic mercury poisoning

Tx: Oral Succimer + IV Dimercaprol

26
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

loosening of gums and teeth, GI disturbances, erethism

A

Chronic inorganic mercury poisoning

Tx: succimer + unithiol

dimercaprol SHOULD NOT be used

27
Q

[diagnose: heavy metals]

consumption of big fishes

cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, mental retardation

A

Organic Mercury Poisoning

Minamata Disease

28
Q

[Guess the drug]

Chelates arsenic and mercury

co administered with EDTA in severe chronic lead poisoning

A

Dimercaprol

29
Q

[Guess the drug]

chelates lead

administered only when blood lead concentrations is greater than 45 mcg/dL

A

succimer

30
Q

[Guess the drug]

chelator of arsenic and mercury

used in acute severe arsenic poisoning, chronic severe mercury poisoning and lead poisoning

A

Unithiol

31
Q

[Guess the drug]

chelator and DMARD,

used for copper poisoning, wilsons disease, adjunct to gold, lead, arsenic intoxication

can cause drug-induced lupus

A

Penicillamine

32
Q

[Guess the drug]

chelates lead,

cause ECG changes, hypocalcemia, nephrotoxicity

A

Edetate Calcium Disodium (EDTA)

33
Q

what will you give to prevent the dangerous hypocalcemia caused by EDTA?

A

calcium disodium salt

34
Q

[Guess the drug]

drug chelator, acute iron chelator,used in iron overload states

A

deferoxamine

35
Q

[diagnose]

delirium, hallucinations, seizures, coma, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, mydriasis, decreased bowel sounds, urinary retention

A

Antimuscarinic drugs

36
Q

[diagnose]

anxiety, agitation, seizures, coma, bradycardia or tachycardia, pinpoint pupils, salivation, sweating, hyperactive bowel sounds, muscle fasciculation, paralysis

A

Cholinomimetic drug/organophosphate poisoning

37
Q

[diagnose]

lethargy, sedation, coma, bradycardia, hypotension, hypoventilation, pinpoint pupils, cool skin, decreased bowel sounds, flaccid muscles

A

opioids

Tx: naloxone

38
Q

[diagnose]

confusion
hyperventilation
acidosis
fever
seizures
A

salicylate toxicity

39
Q

[diagnose]

disinhibition initially, then lethargy, stupor, coma

nystagmus, decreased muscle tone, hypothermia, small pupils, hypotension, decreased bowel sounds in severe overdose

A

sedative hypnotics

40
Q

[diagnose]

agitation, anxiety, seizures, hypertension, tachycardia, arrythmias, mydriasis, vertical and horizontal nystagmus with pcp

skin is warm, sweaty, hyperthermia, increased muscle tone

possible rhabdomyolysis

A

Stimulants

41
Q

[diagnose]

type of antidepressant

coma, convulsion, cardiotoxicity

A

tricyclic antiderpessants

42
Q

Drugs that can cause increased STOOL osmolar gap

A 
Methanol
Ethanol
Diuretics
Isopropyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
43
Q

Drugs that cause hyperkalemia

A
  1. Beta-adrenergic blockers
  2. Digitalis
  3. Flouride
  4. Lithium
  5. K-sparing
44
Q

Drugs that cause hypokalemia

A
  1. Beta adrenergic agonist
  2. methylxanthines
  3. Diuretics
  4. toluene
45
Q

Activated charcoal is not effective for

A
  1. Iron
  2. Lithium
  3. K
  4. Alcohol
  5. Cyanide
  6. Acids
  7. Solvents
46
Q

Activated charcoal is effective for

A
  1. Amitriptyline
  2. Barbiturate
  3. Carbamazepine
  4. Digitalis
  5. Glycosides
  6. Phencyclidine
  7. Propoxyphene
  8. THeophylline
  9. Tricyclic antidepressants
  10. Valproic acid
47
Q

Hemodialysis is not effective for

A
  1. Amphetamines
  2. Antidepressants
  3. Antipsychotics
  4. Benzodiazepines
  5. CCBs
  6. Digoxin
  7. Metoprolol
  8. Propanolol
  9. Opioids
48
Q

Hemodialysis is effective for

A
  1. Carbamazepine
  2. Ethylene glycol
  3. Lithium
  4. Methanol
  5. Metformin
  6. Phenobarbital
  7. Salicylate
  8. Theophylline
  9. Valproic acid

Pharmacology (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions