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Pharmacology > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

[SNS/PNS: Eye]

mydriasis

A

sympathetic (alpha 1)

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2
Q

[SNS/PNS: Eye]

miosis

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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3
Q

[SNS/PNS: Heart]

Tachycardia

A

sympathetic (beta 1)

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4
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Detrusor muscle relaxation

A

sympathetic (beta 2)

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5
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Detrusor muscle contraction

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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6
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Trigone and bladder sphincter contraction

A

sympathetic (alpha 1)

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7
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Trigone and bladder sphincter relaxation

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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8
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Pregnant uterus relaxation

A

sympathetic (beta 2)

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9
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Pregnant uterus contraction (not sensitive)

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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10
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

ejaculation

A

sympathethic (alpha)

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11
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

erection

A

parasympathetic (erection)

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12
Q

[SNS/PNS: skin]

this has no effect on the skin

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

[SNS/PNS: skin]

sympathetic but mediated by Ach

A

eccrine sweat glands

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14
Q

[Enzyme: product]

choline acetyltransferase

A

Ach

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15
Q

This drug inhibits choline transport

A

hemicholinium

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16
Q

A drug that is a ganglion blocker

A

Hexamathonium

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17
Q

Acetylcholine is transported into vesicles for storage by ____

A

vesicle-associated transporter (VAT)

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18
Q

the vesicle-associated transporter is inhibited by this drug

A

Vesamicol

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19
Q

this drug prevents the release of acetylcholine through the enzymatic removal of 2 amino acids from one or more fusion proteins

A

botulinum toxin

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20
Q

Physiologic release of Acetylcholine is triggered by the influx of this ion

A

calcium

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21
Q

this drug prevents the fusion of the vesicle membrane (containing acetycholine) to the terminanal membrane and opening pore into the synapse

A

Botulinum toxin

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22
Q

the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine to choline and acetate

A

acetylcholinesterase

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23
Q

The indirect-acting cholinomimetics inhibit this enzyme

A

acetylcholinesterase

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24
Q

What acetycholinesterase inhibitor is found in the liver?

A

Butyrylcholinesterase

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25
Q

What acetycholinesterase inhibitor is found in the plasma?

A

pseudocholinesterase

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26
Q

___ is the only DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker

A

succinylcholine

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27
Q

___ us a short acting NON-DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker

A

mivacurium

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28
Q

what drugs are metabolized by butyrycholinesterase/pseudocholinesterase?

A

succinylcholine, mivacurium

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29
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the M1 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

increase IP3/DAG

increase intracellular Ca

30
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the M2 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

opening of K channels

decrease cAMP production

31
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the M3 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

increase IP3/DAG

increase intracellular Ca

32
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the M4 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

decrease cAMP

33
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the M5 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

increase IP3/DAG

increase intracellular Ca

34
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the NN cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

Opening of Na and K channels, depolarization

35
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

stimulation of the NM cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?

A

Opening of Na and K channels, depolarization

36
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

What are the cholinoreceptors seen in the CNS

A

M4, M5

37
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

the myocardium contains what type of cholinoreceptor?

A

M2

38
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

skeletal muscles contain what kind of cholinoreceptor?

A

NM

39
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

NN cholinoreceptor are seen where?

A

ganglion, neuronal type

40
Q

[Cholinoreceptors]

the exocrine gland vessels contain what type of cholinoceptor?

A

M3

41
Q

These are the types of drugs that mimics the action of acetylcholine?

A

cholinomimetics

42
Q

[Sympa/Parasympa]

cholinomimetics exhibit a ___ efect

A

parasympathomimetic effect

43
Q

[Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic]

uses during mitotic ocular surgery

A

Acetylcholine

44
Q

[Direct-Acting Choline Esters]

carbamic acid esters that are resistant to hydrolysis of AChE

A

Bethanecol, Carbachol

45
Q

[Direct-Acting Choline Esters]

used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

A

bethanechol

46
Q

[Direct acting muscarinic]

used for glaucoma, Sjogren Syndrome

A

pilocarpine

Acts by contraction of the iris sphincter

47
Q

[Direct acting muscarinic]

Similar to pilocarpine but are M3 selective

A

cevimeline

48
Q

[Direct acting muscarinic]

drug that facilitates the aqueous humor outflow

A

pilocarpine

49
Q

[Direct acting muscarinic]

causes hypertension after a brief period of hypotension

A

pilocarpine

due to activation of sympathietic M1 receptors

50
Q

[Direct-acting, nicotinic]

what is the fatal amount of nicotine?

A

40mg

Nicotine is associated with greater release of dopamine in the mesolimbic system

51
Q

What is the treatment for muscarinic toxicity?

A

atropine

52
Q

What are the symptoms of muscarinic toxicity?

A 
S - salivation
L - lacrimation
U - urination
D -defecation
G - GI cramping
E - emesis

Atropine addresses these

53
Q

What are the nicotinic toxicity symptoms?

A 
M - muscle cramps
T - tachycardia
W - weakness
T - twitching
F - fasciculations

Para, sympa, neuromuscular junctions are affected

54
Q

[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics]

what is the mechanism of action of indirect acting cholinomimetics?

A

bind to cholinesterase and undergo prompt hydrolysis

55
Q

[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics]

short acting, quatrenary amine, used in Tensilon test, cant cross the BBB

A

Edophonium

56
Q

[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics]

intermediate-acting, treatment for myasthenia gravis and postoperative and neurogenic ileus

A

neostigmine

57
Q

[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics]

similar to neostigmine byt has good lipid solubility, can enter the CNS due to its tertiary amine structure

A

physostigmine

58
Q

[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics]

drug used to reverse the effects of neostigmine or edrophonium

A

atropine

59
Q

What are the signs of organophosphate toxicity?

A 
D - diarrhea
U - urination
M - miosis
B - bradycardia
B - bronchospasm
E - emnesis
L - lacrimation
S - salivation
S - sweating
60
Q

What antibiotic may worsen patients with myasthenia gravis?

A

aminoglycoside antibiotics

61
Q

[Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors/organophosphate]

insecticide, used in ectoparasite, scabies

A

Malathion

62
Q

[Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors/organophosphate]

insecticide, harmful in humans, agricultural use

A

Parathion

63
Q

[Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors/organophosphate]

also called nerve gas, used in warfare and terrorism

A

sarin, tabun, soman

64
Q

Drug used in Alzheimer’s disease by amplifying endogenously released acetylcholine; available as transdermal patch

A

rivastigmine

65
Q

Drug used in Alzheimer’s disease by amplifying endogenously released acetylcholine often combined with an NMDA antagonist (memantine)

A

Donepezil

66
Q

An NMDA receptor blocker used for moderate to severe dementia

A

memantine

67
Q

Notorious in causing hyperthermia; only addresses the nicotinic signs of toxicity

A

atropine

68
Q

What are the effects of direct acting muscarinic agonis in heart rate, secretion, and smooth muscle?

A
  1. Decrease HR
  2. increase secretion
  3. increase smooth muscle contraction
69
Q

[Treatment for cholinergic poisoning]

very high activity to phosphorous of organophosphate; reverses organophosphate poisoning by regenerating AChE

A

pralidoxime

70
Q

[Treatment for cholinergic poisoning]

antidote for early stage cholinesterase inhibitor

A

pralidoxime

Pharmacology (35 decks)

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