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Pharmacology > Antiarrhythmic drugs > Flashcards

Antiarrhythmic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

[Singh-Vaugh Williams Classification]

Sodium channel blockers

A

Class 1

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2
Q

[Singh-Vaugh Williams Classification]

beta adrenoceptor blockers

A

Class 2

2 = beta

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3
Q

[Singh-Vaugh Williams Classification]

potassium channel blockers

A

Class 3

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4
Q

[Singh-Vaugh Williams Classification]

Calcium channel blockers

A

Class 4

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5
Q

[Class 1 antiarrhythmics]

these acts on what phase of the cardiac action potential?

A

phase 0

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6
Q

[Class 1 antiarrhythmics]

prolongs the AP duration

A

Group 1A

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7
Q

[Class 1 antiarrhythmics]

shorten the AP duration

A

Group 1B

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8
Q

[Class 1 antiarrhythmics]

no effect of AP duration

A

Group 1C

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9
Q

[Phase of cardiac AP]

Depolarization, due to Na current

A

Phase 0

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10
Q

[Phase of cardiac AP]

rapid depolarization due to K channel

A

Phase 1

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11
Q

[Phase of cardiac AP]

due to Ca current; plateau

A

Phase 2 = plaTWO

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12
Q

[Phase of cardiac AP]

Repolarization, due to K current

A

Phase 3

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13
Q

[Phase of cardiac AP]

RMP, due to K current

A

Class 4

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14
Q

[ECG x Phase]

QRS complex

A

Phase 1 = K current

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15
Q

[ECG x Phase]

ST segment

A

Phase 2 = plateau

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16
Q

[Class 1A antiarrhythmics]

What are examples of class 1A?

A

Procainamide
Disopyramide
Quinidine

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17
Q

[Class 1A antiarrhythmics]

Crosses the breast milk, hyperkalemia exacerbates cardiac toxicity; duration 2-3 hours only

A

procainamide

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18
Q

[Class 1A antiarrhythmics]

SE: cinchonism, ITP, cardiac depression, torsades

A

Quinidine

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19
Q

Drug of choice to reserve Class 1A overdose, drug-induced arrythmias

A

sodium lactate

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20
Q

[Class 1B antiarrhythmics]

DOC for ventricular arrythmias post MI and for digoxin-induced arrythmias

A

lidocaine

only affect ischemic tissues

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21
Q

[Class 1B antiarrhythmics]

hyperkalemia exacerbates cardiac toxicity

A

lidocaine

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22
Q

[Class 1B antiarrhythmics]

used for neuropathic pain

A

mexilitine

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23
Q

[Class 1B antiarrhythmics]

associated with increased incidence of orofacial clefts, cardiac defects, fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

phenytoin

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24
Q

Examples of Class 1 B antiarrhythmics

A

Mexiletine
Tocainide
Lidocaine

25
Q

Class 1 drug that is best for post MI

A

Class 1 B

26
Q

What are the drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?

CCCAPPIT Me

A
  1. Clozapine
  2. Cotrimoxazole
  3. Colchicine
  4. Aminopyrine
  5. Phenylbutazone
  6. PTU
  7. Indomethacin
  8. Tocainide
  9. Methimazole
27
Q

Among Class 1 antiarrythmics, what is the mos arrythmogenic?

A

Class 1C

28
Q

[Class 1C antiarrhythmics]

used for refractory arrythmias and contraindicated for post-MI arrythmias

A

Flecainide

29
Q

Examples of Class 1C drugs

A

Propafenone
Flecainide
Encainide

30
Q

[Class 1 antiarrhythmics]

preferred post MI

A

Class 1B

31
Q

[Class 1 antiarrhythmics]

used for refractory arrythmias

A

Class 1C

32
Q

Which phase of the cardiac AP does class 2 antiarrythmics affect?

A

phase 4

33
Q

Which beta blocker antiarrythmic with class 3 properties?

A

propanolol

34
Q

[Class 2 antiarrhythmics]

Used for acute perioperative and thyrotoxic arrythmias

A

esmolol

35
Q

Which is the longes acting beta blocker?

A

nadolol

36
Q

Beta blocker with a low lipid solubility

A

atenolol

37
Q

Beta blocker that lacks local anesthetic effect

A

timolol

38
Q

beta blocker with combined alpha and beta blocker

A

carvedilol, labetalol

39
Q

Which phase of the cardiac AP that phase 3 antiarrythmics act on?

A

phase 3

40
Q

drug class that is highly arrhythmogenic hence also used for refractory arrythmias also. high propensity to cause torsades.

A

Class 3 antiarrhythmocs

41
Q

[Class 3 antiarrhythmics]

examples in this class

A
  1. Amiodarone
  2. Ibutilide
  3. Dofetilide
  4. Sotalol
42
Q

[Class 3 antiarrhythmics]

Treatment and prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation

A

dofetilide

43
Q

betablocker with class 3 effects is ___

A

sotalol

44
Q

[Class 3 antiarrhythmics]

present in breastmilk; treatment for ventricular arrhythmias, beta blocker

A

sotalol

45
Q

[Class 3 antiarrhythmics]

strong Ik block produces marked prolongation of action potential and refractory period

A

amiodarone

46
Q

[Class 3 antiarrhythmics]

what are the side effects of amiodarone?

A
  1. microcrystalline deposits in cornea and skin
  2. Thyroid dysfunction (hyper/hypo)
  3. Paresthesia, tremor, pulmonary fibrosis
47
Q

most efficacious of all antiarrythmic drugs

A

amiodarone

48
Q

[Class 3 antiarrhythmics]

drugs used in Afib and atrial flutter

A

Dronedarone

49
Q

Amiodarone toxicity causes the following

A
  1. Pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Paresthesia
  3. Tremors
  4. Thyroid dysfunction
  5. Corneal deposits
  6. Skin deposits
50
Q

ECG morphology of class IV antiarrythmics

A

PR interval is consistently increased

51
Q

CCBs that can cause reflex tachycardia and are proarrythmogenic

A

Dihydropyridine CCBs

52
Q

CCB that can cause gingival hyperplasia

A

verapamil

53
Q

CCB used for reynaud’s phenomenon and vasospasm

A

diltiazem

54
Q

CCB avoided in Vtach

A

Verapamil, diltiazem

55
Q

[name that drug]

increase in diastolic Ik of AV node, causes marked hyperpolarization and conduction block; reduced ICa;

only used in ER setting

A

adenosine

56
Q

[Antiarrythmics]

used in the ER; for paroxysmal SVT

A

adenosine

57
Q

what ion depresses ectopic pacemakers; low level is associated with increased incidence of arrythmias while excessive levels depress conduction and can cause reentry arrythmias

A

potassium

58
Q

ion that is effective in some cases of torsades de pointes; sudden and large increase in Mg may cause severe respiratory paralysis

A

magnesium

Pharmacology (35 decks)

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