Diuretics Flashcards
What is the site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
proximal convoluted tubues
Drug of choice in mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
[carbonic anhydrase inhibitor]
used to treat glaucoma
acetazolamide
[carbonic anhydrase inhibitor]
used to treat edema with alkalosis
acetazolamide
The site of calcium and magnesium reabsorption
thick ascending loop of henle
sodium reabsorption in the loop of henle is due to this transporter
Na/K/2Cl
diuretic that can cause ototoxicity
furosemide
what are the side effects of loop diuretics?
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy to sulfa Nephritis Gout
What pain reliever that decreases the efficacy of furosemide?
NSAIDS
The site of action of thiazide diuretics is ___
distal convoluted tubule
The distal convoluted tubule actively pumps sodium and chloride out of the lumen of the nephron via this carrier
Na/Cl
diuretic that can be used in nephrogenic diabetc insipidus
hydrochlorothiazide
what are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?
hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Thiazide diuretics cause hyperglycemia by
causes hyperpolarization of the ATP dependent K channels (pancreatic beta cells and blood vessel) resulting to decreased insulin release
site of action of potassium sparing diuretics
cortical collecting ducts
the primary site of acidification of urine is located here
cortical collecting ducts
____ are steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic receptor in cortical collecting ducts. reduces K secretion
spironolactone
can be used to treat hyperaldoseteronism
spironolactone
diuretic that can cause gynecomastia
spironolactone
diuretic that can cause BPH and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
spironolactone
diuretic that is beneficial with CHF since it helps in the management of cardiac remodeling
spironolactone
K sparing diuretic that inhibits ENaC epithelial sodium channels in the cortical collecting duct, reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion
amiloride
What supplements should not be given to patients taking amiloride?
potassium supplements
What are the potassium-sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone
Triamterene
Amiloride
Eplerenone
Drugs that can cause gynecomastia
Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole
Mannitol retains water in the tubule by reducing water reabsorption in the ____
proximal tubule
descending limb of henle
collecting ducts
diuretic of choice for rhabdomyolysis
mannitol
site of location of antidiuretic hormone
medullary cortical duct
___ are examples of ADH agonist
Desmopressin
Terlipressin
diuretic of choice for central diabetes insipidus
Vasopressin
diuretic of choice for nocturnal enuresis
vasopressin
drug of choice for von Willebrand disease
desmopressin
what clotting factor increases when taking vasopressin
Factor VIII
Antidiuretic hormone shown to cause uterine contractions and increased uterine pressure in early pregnancy and may decrease uterine blood flow
terlipressin
Example of V1a and V2 receptor antagonist
Conivaptan Tolvaptan Lixivaptan Demeclocycline Lithium
Diuretic used to treat SIADH
ADH antagonist - Conivaptan
ADH antagonist that can cause bone and teeth abnormalities
demeclocycline
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics]
Urine Na
Serum Na
Urine Na increases
Serum NaCl decreases
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: K sparing]
Urine K
Serum K
Urine K decreased to normal
Serum K increased to normal
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: in general]
Urine K
Serum K
Urine K increased
Serum K decreased
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: loop diuretics]
Urine Ca
Serum Ca
Urine Ca increased in loop diuretics
Serum Ca decreased in loop diuretics
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: thiazides]
Urine Ca
Serum Ca
Urine Ca decreased
Serum Ca increased
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: K sparing]
pH
alkalemia;
also prevents K secretion
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: thiazide]
pH
alkalemia
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: loop]
pH
alkalemia
[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: acetazolamide]
pH
acidemia
due to decreased HCO3 reabsorption
dual endothelin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension
bosentan
sympahtholytic antihypertensive drug acts as an alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist and 5HT1 A receptor agonist
urapidil
beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist, direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle; treatment of premature labor and vasodilator for cerebral vascular inusffficieny
isoxuprine
used to treat cerebral apoplexy, post trauma cerebral symptoms, cerebral arteriosclerosis
cinnarazine
