Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole
Drug that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
Disulfram
Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System breaks down ethanol starting at what level?
100mg/dL
What drugs inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase?
- Disulfram
- Metronidazole
- Oral hypoglycemics
- Some cephalosporins
What are the effects of alcohol on GABA and glutamate?
- Stimulate GABA
2. Depress glutamate
Blackouts when you are super drunk is due to?
Inhibition of NMDA
[Blood alcohol Concentration]
Sedation, slow reaction times
50-100 mg/dL
[Blood alcohol Concentration]
Impairment of driving ability
60-80mg/dL
[Blood alcohol Concentration]
Impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia
100-200 mg/dL
[Blood alcohol Concentration]
Emesis, stupor
200-300 mg/dL
[Blood alcohol Concentration]
Coma
300-400 mg/dL
[Blood alcohol Concentration]
Respiratory depression, Death
> 500 mg/dL
What is the most common presentation of fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
___ syndrome
Ataxia, confusion, paralysis of EOM
seen in intoxication states
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Vitamin deficiency associated with alcoholism
B1
A consequence of chonic alcoholism where in a disabling memory disorder that is reversible ___
korsakoff pscyhosis
What changes in the brain are seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Mamillary bodies
[Treatment of in alcohol]
what is the role of thiamin in treating chronic alcoholism?
Thiamine resurrects the level of dehydrogenase
___ are seen in chronic alcoholics when forced to reduce or discontinue alcohol
Delirium tremens
____ syndrome
motor agitation, anxiety, insomnia, reduction of seizure threshold
Withdrawal syndrome
What are the components of delirium tremens?
Hallucinations
Autonomic instability
Delirium
48-72 hours post discontinuation
What is the DOC as substitute for alcohol in treating delirium tremens
Long acting diazepams are used
What is the preferred treatment for patients with liver disease suffering from delirium tremens
short acting benzodiazepines are used (i.e lorazepam)
{drug for chronic alcoholism]
Opioid antagonist, competitively blocks mu, gamma and kappa receptors,
- Natrexone
- Naloxone
- Nalmefene
- Alvimopam
- Methylnaltrexone
{drug for chronic alcoholism]
Among the opioid antagonists, which drug reduces craving in alcohol, nicotine and opioid dependence?
Naltrexone
{drug for chronic alcoholism]
Among the opioid antagonists, which have a longer DOA?
- Naltrexone
2. Nalmefene
{drug for chronic alcoholism]
Among the opioid antagonists, which has a poor CNS penetrability
- Alvimopan
2. Methylnaltrexone
___ is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor that cause nausea, headache, flushing, hypotension
Disulfram
Cite the drugs that cause disulfram reaction
- Chlorpropamide
- Cefoperazone
- Cefomandole
- Cefotetan
- Procarbazine
- Metronidazole
___ is a weak NMDA antagonist and GABAA receptor activator
Acamprosate
what product of methanol metabolism is considered toxci
formic acid
What are the drug of choice for methanol poisoning?
- Ethanol
2. Fomepizole
What byproduct of ethylene glycol has the toxic effect
- Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid from ethylene glycol is produced by this enzyme
alcohol dehydrogenase
___ signs and symptoms opposite of those caused by a drug when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered
Dependence
____ compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction
Addiction
decreased response to a drug
tolerance
[Etiology of tolerance]
increased deposition of the drug
metabolic tolerance
[Etiology of tolerance]
ability to compensate for the effects of a drug
behavioral tolerance
[Etiology of tolerance]
changes in receptor or effector systems involved in drug action
functional tolerance
The “reward” corresponds to ____ system
mesolimbic
[diagnose: what drug]
agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death
amphetamine
[diagnose: what drug]
apathy, irritability, increased sleep time, disorientation, depression
amphetamine withdrawal
[diagnose: what drug]
severe HPN, hyperthermia, delirium, psychomotor agitation, profound hyponatremia
intracranial hemorrhage, MI, aortic dissection, DIC, rhabdomyolysis, seizures, serotonin syndrom
MDMA overdose
[diagnose: what drug]
hypertension, vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, psychomotor agitation, severe hyperthermia, dyspnea bowel ischemia, crack lung
Mydriasis
cocaine overdose
[diagnose: what drug]
antagonist at the glutamate NMDA receptor
no dopaminergic neurons in the CNS
phencyclidine
what is the most dangerous hallucinogenic agent
Phencyclidine
[diagnose: what drug]
horizontal and vertical nystagmus
marked hypertension
fatal seizures
Phencyclidine overdose
What are the active components of marijuana?
- Tetrahydrocannabinol
- Cannabidiol
- Cannabinol
[diagnose: what drug]
euphoria, disinhibition, uncontrollable laughter, changes in perception, achievement of dream-like state, impaired mental concentration, vasodilation, tachycardia, reddened conjunctiva, dry mouth, impaired judgement and reflexes
marijuana
[diagnose: what drug]
related to amphetamine used for ADHD
methyphenidate