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Pharmacology > Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Fomepizole

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2
Q

Drug that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Disulfram

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3
Q

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System breaks down ethanol starting at what level?

A

100mg/dL

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4
Q

What drugs inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase?

A
  1. Disulfram
  2. Metronidazole
  3. Oral hypoglycemics
  4. Some cephalosporins
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5
Q

What are the effects of alcohol on GABA and glutamate?

A
  1. Stimulate GABA

2. Depress glutamate

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6
Q

Blackouts when you are super drunk is due to?

A

Inhibition of NMDA

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7
Q

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Sedation, slow reaction times

A

50-100 mg/dL

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8
Q

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Impairment of driving ability

A

60-80mg/dL

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9
Q

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia

A

100-200 mg/dL

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10
Q

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Emesis, stupor

A

200-300 mg/dL

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11
Q

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Coma

A

300-400 mg/dL

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12
Q

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Respiratory depression, Death

A

> 500 mg/dL

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13
Q

What is the most common presentation of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

mental retardation

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14
Q

___ syndrome

Ataxia, confusion, paralysis of EOM

seen in intoxication states

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

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15
Q

Vitamin deficiency associated with alcoholism

A

B1

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16
Q

A consequence of chonic alcoholism where in a disabling memory disorder that is reversible ___

A

korsakoff pscyhosis

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17
Q

What changes in the brain are seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Mamillary bodies

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18
Q

[Treatment of in alcohol]

what is the role of thiamin in treating chronic alcoholism?

A

Thiamine resurrects the level of dehydrogenase

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19
Q

___ are seen in chronic alcoholics when forced to reduce or discontinue alcohol

A

Delirium tremens

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20
Q

____ syndrome

motor agitation, anxiety, insomnia, reduction of seizure threshold

A

Withdrawal syndrome

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21
Q

What are the components of delirium tremens?

A

Hallucinations
Autonomic instability
Delirium
48-72 hours post discontinuation

22
Q

What is the DOC as substitute for alcohol in treating delirium tremens

A

Long acting diazepams are used

23
Q

What is the preferred treatment for patients with liver disease suffering from delirium tremens

A

short acting benzodiazepines are used (i.e lorazepam)

24
Q

{drug for chronic alcoholism]

Opioid antagonist, competitively blocks mu, gamma and kappa receptors,

A
  1. Natrexone
  2. Naloxone
  3. Nalmefene
  4. Alvimopam
  5. Methylnaltrexone
25
Q

{drug for chronic alcoholism]

Among the opioid antagonists, which drug reduces craving in alcohol, nicotine and opioid dependence?

A

Naltrexone

26
Q

{drug for chronic alcoholism]

Among the opioid antagonists, which have a longer DOA?

A
  1. Naltrexone

2. Nalmefene

27
Q

{drug for chronic alcoholism]

Among the opioid antagonists, which has a poor CNS penetrability

A
  1. Alvimopan

2. Methylnaltrexone

28
Q

___ is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor that cause nausea, headache, flushing, hypotension

29
Q

Cite the drugs that cause disulfram reaction

A
  1. Chlorpropamide
  2. Cefoperazone
  3. Cefomandole
  4. Cefotetan
  5. Procarbazine
  6. Metronidazole
30
Q

___ is a weak NMDA antagonist and GABAA receptor activator

A

Acamprosate

31
Q

what product of methanol metabolism is considered toxci

A

formic acid

32
Q

What are the drug of choice for methanol poisoning?

A
  1. Ethanol

2. Fomepizole

33
Q

What byproduct of ethylene glycol has the toxic effect

A
  1. Oxalic acid
34
Q

Oxalic acid from ethylene glycol is produced by this enzyme

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

35
Q

___ signs and symptoms opposite of those caused by a drug when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered

A

Dependence

36
Q

____ compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction

37
Q

decreased response to a drug

38
Q

[Etiology of tolerance]

increased deposition of the drug

A

metabolic tolerance

39
Q

[Etiology of tolerance]

ability to compensate for the effects of a drug

A

behavioral tolerance

40
Q

[Etiology of tolerance]

changes in receptor or effector systems involved in drug action

A

functional tolerance

41
Q

The “reward” corresponds to ____ system

A

mesolimbic

42
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death

A

amphetamine

43
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

apathy, irritability, increased sleep time, disorientation, depression

A

amphetamine withdrawal

44
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

severe HPN, hyperthermia, delirium, psychomotor agitation, profound hyponatremia

intracranial hemorrhage, MI, aortic dissection, DIC, rhabdomyolysis, seizures, serotonin syndrom

A

MDMA overdose

45
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

hypertension, vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, psychomotor agitation, severe hyperthermia, dyspnea bowel ischemia, crack lung

Mydriasis

A

cocaine overdose

46
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

antagonist at the glutamate NMDA receptor
no dopaminergic neurons in the CNS

A

phencyclidine

47
Q

what is the most dangerous hallucinogenic agent

A

Phencyclidine

48
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

horizontal and vertical nystagmus
marked hypertension
fatal seizures

A

Phencyclidine overdose

49
Q

What are the active components of marijuana?

A
  1. Tetrahydrocannabinol
  2. Cannabidiol
  3. Cannabinol
50
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

euphoria, disinhibition, uncontrollable laughter, changes in perception, achievement of dream-like state, impaired mental concentration, vasodilation, tachycardia, reddened conjunctiva, dry mouth, impaired judgement and reflexes

51
Q

[diagnose: what drug]

related to amphetamine used for ADHD

A

methyphenidate

Pharmacology (35 decks)

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