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Pharmacology > Coagulation Disorders > Flashcards

Coagulation Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

In hemostasis, vasoconstriction are due to ____

A
  1. Nervous reflexes
  2. Local myogenic spasm
  3. Local autacoid factors - TXA2 and endothelin
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2
Q

In hemostasis, primary hemostasis is triggered by ___

A

exposure of subendothelial collagen

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3
Q

In hemostasis, what mediates platelet adhesion?

A

vWF by GpIb in the platelet surface

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4
Q

What are the essential factors in the intrinsic pathway?

A

Factors 5, 8, 9, 10, 11,12, prothrombin, fibrinogen

PTT = PiTT

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5
Q

What are the essential factors in the extrinsic pathway?

A

Factos 5, 7, 10, prothrombin, fibrinogen

PeT

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6
Q

Drug that is both an antiplatelt and anti-inflammatory

A

Aspirin

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7
Q

Dose of aspirin for antiplatelet use

A

<160mg

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8
Q

Dose of aspirin for antipyretic, analgesic

A

160 to 1200mg

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9
Q

Dose of aspirin as anti-inflammatory

A

> 1200mg

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10
Q

How many grams of aspirin is enough for antiplatelet activity to prevent TIA and MI

A

80mg

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11
Q

What is the triad of aspirin toxicity?

A

Samter Triad

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12
Q

[Diagnose]

Asthma
Aspirin sensitivity
Nasal polyp

A

Samter Triad; aspirin hypersensitivity

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13
Q

What is the expected acid-base abnormality in salicylate poisoning?

A

respiratory alkalosis with HAGMA

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14
Q

A pure acid-base disorder due to aspirin intoxication is seen in which population?

A

children

Adults present with mixed-base disorder

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15
Q

Drug that inhibits GPIIa/IIIa

A
  1. Abciximab
  2. Eptifibatide
  3. Tirofiban
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16
Q

What is the drug of choice used during PCI to prevent thrombosis since it prevent vessel restenosis, reinfarction, and death

A

Abciximab

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17
Q

Cite examples of antiplatelet drugs that inhibit ADP

A
  1. Clopidogrel
  2. Prasugel
  3. Ticagrelor
  4. Ticlodipine
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18
Q

This drug specifically inhibits ADP subtype P2Y

A

Ticagrelor

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19
Q

Antiplatelet drug and also a PDE III inhibitor causing vasodilation

A
  1. Cilostazol

2. Dipyridamole

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20
Q

Drug used to prevent thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement; prosthetic heart valves

A
  1. Cilostazol

2. Dipyridamole

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21
Q

Drugs used to treat refractory intermittent claudication for patients with PAD

A

cilostazol

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22
Q

Antiplatelet that also inhibit adenosine uptake by endothelial cells and RBC leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation

A
  1. Cilostazol

2. Dipyridamole

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23
Q

Cite examples of indirect thrombin inhibitors

A
  1. Heparin
  2. Enoxaparin
  3. LMWH
  4. Warfarin
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24
Q

Cite examples of direct thrombin inhibitors

A
  1. Argatroban
  2. Bivalirudin
  3. Dabigatran
  4. Desirudin
  5. Lepirudin
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25
Q

[Heparin/Warfarin]

Large, acidic polysaccharide
Rapid onset

A

Heparin

26
Q

[Heparin/Warfarin]

small, lipid-soluble molecule
Slow onset

A

Warfarin

27
Q

What is the MOA of heparin?

A

Activates antithrombin III

28
Q

What is the MOA of warfarin?

A

Inhibit Factors 9 10 7 2

29
Q

Heparin is monitored via?

A

PTT

Remember: HTTP

30
Q

Warfarin is monitored by?

A

PT

31
Q

What is the antidote of heparin?

A

Protamine

32
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin

A

Vitamin K, FFP

33
Q

[Heparin/Warfarin]

Can be used during pregnancy

A

heparin

34
Q

During angioplasty and stent placement, heparin and this drug is given concomittantly

A

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors

35
Q

___ is a heparinoid consisting of 80% heparing and 20% dermatan sulfate

A

Sulodexide

36
Q

___ is an indirect thrombin inhibitor that binds and potentiates effect of antithrombin III on Factor Xa; has less effect on thrombin

A

Enoxaparin

37
Q

Among the indirect thrombin inhibitor, this drug is given SC once a day

A

Fondaparinux

38
Q

Cite examples of indirect thrombin inhibitor

A
  1. EnoXAparin
  2. Dalteparin
  3. Tinzaparin
  4. Danaparoid
  5. Fondaparinux
  6. Nadroparin
39
Q

___ binds to thrombin’s active site and inhibits its enzymatic action

A

Lepirudin

40
Q

Used to treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A

Lepirudin

41
Q

During percutaneous coronary angioplasty, lepirudin is paired with this drug

A

aspirin

42
Q

What is the antidote for Dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

43
Q

Examples of oral direct factor Xa inhibitor

A
  1. rivaroxaban

2. apixaban

44
Q

Drugs used as anticoagulants after hip or knee surgery

A

Rivaroxaban

Apixaban

45
Q

___ inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase (for gamma carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent clotting)

A

Warfarin
Dicumarol
Anisindione

46
Q

Complication of warfarin treatment in patients with protein C and S deficiencies

A

warfarin-induced skin necrosis

47
Q

Antidote of warfarin that is fast acting

A

FFP

48
Q

what enzyme is needed to convert vitamin K to activated vitamin K?

A

epoxide reductase

49
Q

Cite examples of Cyt P450 inducers

A 
Ethanol
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
St. Johns Wort
Smoking
50
Q

Cite examples of Cyt P450 inhibitors

A 
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Grapefruit juice
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Quinidine
Valproic Acid
51
Q

This thrombolytic agent forms a complex with endogenous plasminogen, thus catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase

52
Q

what is the antidote of alteplase?

A

aminocaproic acid

53
Q

tPA is selective for what ___-

A

fibrin-bound plasminogen

54
Q

What are the contraindications to thrombolysis?

A
  1. History of CV hemorrhage
  2. Non-hemorrhagic stroke or other CV event within the past year
  3. > 180/110
  4. suspicion of aortic dissection
  5. active internal bleeding excluding sepsis
55
Q

This antiplasmin drug is contraindicated in DIC

A

Tranexamic acid

56
Q

Among the type of vitamin K, which should never be used as therapeutics

A

Vitamin K3 (menadione)

57
Q

__ an ADH agonist that increases factor VIII activity in patients with hemiphilia A

A

desmopressin

58
Q

Drug of choice for vWF disease

A

desmopressin

59
Q

A serine protease inhbitor, antiplasmin drig that is used for post-op or intraop bleeding; has increased risk of renal failure

A

Aprotinin

this was removed from the market due to mortality

60
Q

___ is a hormone used to treat intestinal and pancreatic fistula

A

somatostatin

Pharmacology (35 decks)

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