Thoracic joints and bones, muscles, lungs clinical notes Flashcards
Where is the thorax?
Region between the neck and abdomen
Communication between the neck and thorax occurs at?
Superior thoracic aperture
Communication between the thorax and abdomen occurs at?
Inferior thoracic aperture
What are the typical ribs?
3-9
What are the atypical ribs?
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
What are the true ribs?
1-7
What are the false ribs?
8-10
What are the floating ribs?
11, 12
Where do most rib fractures occur?
Anterior to the costal angle
Which ribs are most likely to be fractured?
Middle ones
What are supernumerary ribs?
Extra ribs in either the cervical or lumbar regions
Do supernumerary ribs usually produce symptoms?
Not usually, but sometimes cervical supernumerary ribs can produce neural and circulatory problems
What are the 3 main joint types?
Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
What type of joint is a symphysis joint?
Secondary cartilaginous joint
bone, cartilage, bone
What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint and what is involved?
Symphysis
Sternal angle and 2nd costal notch
What type of joint is a synchondrosis?
Primary cartilaginous joint
bone, cartilage, bone
What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?
Synchondrosis
What type of joint is the first sternocostal (rib 1 and sternum)?
Synchondrosis
What type of joints are the rest of the sternocostal joints (ribs 2-7 and sternum)?
Synovial planar
What types of joints are the sternocostal and costovertebral?
Synovial planar
What are the 2 movements that occur at the costovertebral joint?
- Bucket handle movement
2. Pump handle movement
The bucket handle movement of the costovertebral joint involves?
Elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib
The pump handle movement of the costovertebral joint involves?
Elevation of the sternal end of the rib
Dislocation of ribs refers to?
Dislocation at the sternocostal joint
Separation of ribs refers to?
Separation at the costochondral joint
The thoracic vertebral joints involve 2 types of joints. What are they?
- Intervertebral joint = symphysis
2. Zygapophyseal joint = planar synovial
Insertion of a needle between ribs to obtain a fluid sample from the pleural cavity?
Thoracentesis
Insertion of a _____ to remove large amounts of air/debris from the pleural cavity
Chest tube
Where are chest tubes normally inserted?
5th or 6th intercostal space
Insertion of a thoroscope into pleural cavity to visualize it
Thoroscopy
What 2 sources can lung cancer derive from?
Lung tissue OR
Bronchi
Pneumonectomy?
Removal of a lung
Lobectomy?
Removal of a lobe of a lung
Segmentectomy?
Removal of a specific bronchopulmonary segment via lung resection
Pleuritis
Inflammation of the pleura
Pleuritis does what to the lungs?
Makes them rough and breathing becomes difficult
What is in the pleural cavity?
Lubricating fluid that reduces friction between parietal and visceral pleura
What occurs when air enters the pleural cavity to break the surface tension between pleura layers?
Pulmonary collapse
Pneumothorax
Entry of air into pleural cavity that causes a collapse of a lung
- Usually from penetrating would to thoracic wall
Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity
Hydrothorax
Entry of air into pleural cavity that causes a collapsed lung?
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax
Right or left main bronchus, which is more vertical?
Right
When will a pulmonary collapse occur?
When air enters pleural cavity
