Thoracic joints and bones, muscles, lungs clinical notes Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the thorax?

A

Region between the neck and abdomen

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2
Q

Communication between the neck and thorax occurs at?

A

Superior thoracic aperture

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3
Q

Communication between the thorax and abdomen occurs at?

A

Inferior thoracic aperture

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4
Q

What are the typical ribs?

A

3-9

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5
Q

What are the atypical ribs?

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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6
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

1-7

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7
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

8-10

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8
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

11, 12

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9
Q

Where do most rib fractures occur?

A

Anterior to the costal angle

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10
Q

Which ribs are most likely to be fractured?

A

Middle ones

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11
Q

What are supernumerary ribs?

A

Extra ribs in either the cervical or lumbar regions

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12
Q

Do supernumerary ribs usually produce symptoms?

A

Not usually, but sometimes cervical supernumerary ribs can produce neural and circulatory problems

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13
Q

What are the 3 main joint types?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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14
Q

What type of joint is a symphysis joint?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

bone, cartilage, bone

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15
Q

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint and what is involved?

A

Symphysis

Sternal angle and 2nd costal notch

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16
Q

What type of joint is a synchondrosis?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

bone, cartilage, bone

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17
Q

What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?

A

Synchondrosis

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18
Q

What type of joint is the first sternocostal (rib 1 and sternum)?

A

Synchondrosis

19
Q

What type of joints are the rest of the sternocostal joints (ribs 2-7 and sternum)?

A

Synovial planar

20
Q

What types of joints are the sternocostal and costovertebral?

A

Synovial planar

21
Q

What are the 2 movements that occur at the costovertebral joint?

A
  1. Bucket handle movement

2. Pump handle movement

22
Q

The bucket handle movement of the costovertebral joint involves?

A

Elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib

23
Q

The pump handle movement of the costovertebral joint involves?

A

Elevation of the sternal end of the rib

24
Q

Dislocation of ribs refers to?

A

Dislocation at the sternocostal joint

25
Separation of ribs refers to?
Separation at the costochondral joint
26
The thoracic vertebral joints involve 2 types of joints. What are they?
1. Intervertebral joint = symphysis | 2. Zygapophyseal joint = planar synovial
27
Insertion of a needle between ribs to obtain a fluid sample from the pleural cavity?
Thoracentesis
28
Insertion of a _____ to remove large amounts of air/debris from the pleural cavity
Chest tube
29
Where are chest tubes normally inserted?
5th or 6th intercostal space
30
Insertion of a thoroscope into pleural cavity to visualize it
Thoroscopy
31
What 2 sources can lung cancer derive from?
Lung tissue OR | Bronchi
32
Pneumonectomy?
Removal of a lung
33
Lobectomy?
Removal of a lobe of a lung
34
Segmentectomy?
Removal of a specific bronchopulmonary segment via lung resection
35
Pleuritis
Inflammation of the pleura
36
Pleuritis does what to the lungs?
Makes them rough and breathing becomes difficult
37
What is in the pleural cavity?
Lubricating fluid that reduces friction between parietal and visceral pleura
38
What occurs when air enters the pleural cavity to break the surface tension between pleura layers?
Pulmonary collapse
39
Pneumothorax
Entry of air into pleural cavity that causes a collapse of a lung - Usually from penetrating would to thoracic wall
40
Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity
Hydrothorax
41
Entry of air into pleural cavity that causes a collapsed lung?
Pneumothorax
42
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax
43
Right or left main bronchus, which is more vertical?
Right
44
When will a pulmonary collapse occur?
When air enters pleural cavity