Heart Development - Defects

Question 1

Ventricular septal defects

Answer 1

Failure of proper closure between ventricles

Question 2

Persistent truncus arteriosus

Answer 2

Failure of conotruncal ridge formation and fusion to separate aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 3

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 3

Conotruncal ridges form off-center = unequal division of aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 4

What can be seen with a Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 4

Overriding aorta, VSD, pulmonary infundibular stenosis

Question 5

Transposition of great vessels

Answer 5

Conotruncal ridges fail to spiral

Question 6

Transposition of great vessels causes what alignment?

Answer 6

Left ventricle -> pulmonary artery

Right ventricle -> aorta

Question 7

Pulmonary valvular atresia

Answer 7

Semilunar valves are fused => right ventricle hypoplasia

Question 8

What forms with pulmonary valvular atresia so blood can move from the right to left side?

Answer 8

Patent foramen ovale

Question 9

Aortic valvular stenosis

Answer 9

Hypertrophy of left ventricle

- can be congenital, pathological, degenerative

Question 10

Aortic valvular stenosis affects which gender 4:1?

Answer 10

Males

Question 11

Aortic valvular atresia

Answer 11

Left ventricle underdeveloped

Patent wide ductus arteriosus

Question 12

Bicuspid aortic valve

Answer 12

Only 2 leaflets instead of 3

Question 13

Bicuspid aortic valve is associated with?

Answer 13

Aortic aneurysms

Question 14

Tricuspid atresia

Answer 14

Obliteration of right AV orifice

- atresia of valve cusps

Question 15

Hypoplastic left ventricle

Answer 15

Left ventricle is underdeveloped
- Absent of small bicuspid and aortic valves
- Ascending aorta underdeveloped
= univentricular heart with RIGHT VENTRICLE doing all the work!