Acid - Base with Respiratory Emphasis Flashcards
What is the normal range for PaO2?
80-100 mmHg
What is the normal value for PaCO2?
40 mmHg
What is the normal value for pH?
7.4
What is the normal value for HCO3-?
24 mEq/L
If the pH is above 7.4 =
Alkalosis
If the pH is below 7.4 =
Acidosis
If HCO3- is INCREASED, what happens to the pH?
INCREASED
- above 7.4
If HCO3- is DECREASED, what happens to the pH?
DECREASED
- below 7.4
What kind of things can alter the Bicarbonate in the blood?
Kidneys, GI tract, diet, extra acid produced in the body
Changes in HCO3- that affect the pH are called
Metabolic Disturbances
If PaCO2 is INCREASED, what happens to the pH?
DECREASED
- below 7.4
If PaCO2 is DECREASED, what happens to the pH?
INCREASED
- above 7.4
What equation tells you that CO2 can alter pH?
CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-
Changes in CO2 that affect the pH are called
Respiratory Disturbances
Will Compensation achieve a normal state?
NEVER
What system must make the Compensation?
The OTHER system that is not affected and causing pH disturbance!!
What sensors in the body sense the change in pH (H+)?
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
What is the equation to check and see if RESPIRATORY compensation is adequate?
Expected PaCO2 = (1.5[HCO3-] +8) +/- 2
Metabolic Acidosis
Decreased HCO3- and Decreased pH
Metabolic Alkalosis
Increased HCO3- and Increased pH
Respiratory Acidosis
Increased CO2 and Decreased pH
Respiratory Alkalosis
Decreased CO2 and Increased pH
When a metabolic acidosis is identified (Decreased pH and HCO3-), what should be calculated?
Anion Gap
How do you calculate Anion Gap?
[Na] - [Cl] - [HCO3]
What is normal value for the Anion Gap?
Less than 12
If the Anion Gap is greater than 12, what does that tell you?
There are other chemicals present and at fault for the pH disturbance
When do you calculate the Anion Gap?
When a metabolic acidosis is identified
