Acid - Base with Respiratory Emphasis

Question 1

What is the normal range for PaO2?

Answer 1

80-100 mmHg

Question 2

What is the normal value for PaCO2?

Answer 2

40 mmHg

Question 3

What is the normal value for pH?

Answer 3

7.4

Question 4

What is the normal value for HCO3-?

Answer 4

24 mEq/L

Question 5

If the pH is above 7.4 =

Answer 5

Alkalosis

Question 6

If the pH is below 7.4 =

Answer 6

Acidosis

Question 7

If HCO3- is INCREASED, what happens to the pH?

Answer 7

INCREASED

- above 7.4

Question 8

If HCO3- is DECREASED, what happens to the pH?

Answer 8

DECREASED

- below 7.4

Question 9

What kind of things can alter the Bicarbonate in the blood?

Answer 9

Kidneys, GI tract, diet, extra acid produced in the body

Question 10

Changes in HCO3- that affect the pH are called

Answer 10

Metabolic Disturbances

Question 11

If PaCO2 is INCREASED, what happens to the pH?

Answer 11

DECREASED

- below 7.4

Question 12

If PaCO2 is DECREASED, what happens to the pH?

Answer 12

INCREASED

- above 7.4

Question 13

What equation tells you that CO2 can alter pH?

Answer 13

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-

Question 14

Changes in CO2 that affect the pH are called

Answer 14

Respiratory Disturbances

Question 15

Will Compensation achieve a normal state?

Answer 15

NEVER

Question 16

What system must make the Compensation?

Answer 16

The OTHER system that is not affected and causing pH disturbance!!

Question 17

What sensors in the body sense the change in pH (H+)?

Answer 17

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

Question 18

What is the equation to check and see if RESPIRATORY compensation is adequate?

Answer 18

Expected PaCO2 = (1.5[HCO3-] +8) +/- 2

Question 19

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 19

Decreased HCO3- and Decreased pH

Question 20

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 20

Increased HCO3- and Increased pH

Question 21

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 21

Increased CO2 and Decreased pH

Question 22

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 22

Decreased CO2 and Increased pH

Question 23

When a metabolic acidosis is identified (Decreased pH and HCO3-), what should be calculated?

Answer 23

Anion Gap

Question 24

How do you calculate Anion Gap?

Answer 24

[Na] - [Cl] - [HCO3]

Question 25

What is normal value for the Anion Gap?

Answer 25

Less than 12

Question 26

If the Anion Gap is greater than 12, what does that tell you?

Answer 26

There are other chemicals present and at fault for the pH disturbance

Question 27

When do you calculate the Anion Gap?

Answer 27

When a metabolic acidosis is identified