Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR > Respiratory Control > Flashcards

Respiratory Control Flashcards

1
Q

Minute Ventilation =

A

Frequency X Tidal Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inspiration occurs when what nerve is active?

A

Phrenic N.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 respiration control centers in the brain?

A
  1. Pre-Botzinger Complex
  2. Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)
  3. Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
  4. Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pre-Botzinger Complex

A

Generates the core timing (frequency) of the respiratory rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What brain center generates the core timing (frequency) of the respiratory rhythm?

A

Pre-Botzinger Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What brain center helps control the respiratory rhythm frequency by stopping inspiration?

A

Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)

A

Helps control the frequency of the respiratory rhythm by STOPPING INSPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs when the PRG is lesioned?

A

Apneusis - failure to stop inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apneusis

A

Failure to stop inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Failure to stop inspiration

A

Apneusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What areas of the brain contribute to determining the timing/frequency of the respiratory rhythm?

A

Pre-Botzinger Complex

Pontine Respiratory Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

A

95% premotor to Phrenic N.

= Generates a pattern appropriate to the circumstance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What brain center contains 95% premotor to Phrenic N.?

A

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

A

Premotor to other inspiratory and expiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the regions of the VRG?

A

Rostral - Premotor to inspiratory muscles

Caudal - Premotor to expiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What areas of the brain contribute to determining the depth of the respiratory rhythm (tidal volume)?

A

Dorsal Respiratory Group

Ventral Respiratory Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Apnea

A

Failure to turn off expiration (NO inspiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Failure to turn off expiration (NO inspiration)

A

Apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Damage to ____ causes Apneusis

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Damage to ____ causes Apnea

A

Medulla or spinal cord

21
Q

What do chemoreceptors do?

A

Neurons that INCREASE firing rate in response to a chemical change

22
Q

Where are central chemoreceptors located?

A

Ventral surface of medulla

23
Q

What do central chemoreceptors come into contact with?

A

CSF - cerebrospinal fluid

24
Q

What molecule crosses the blood-brain barrier and contacts the central chemoreceptors?

A

CO2

– increased CO2 means there is decreased O2 and we need to breathe

25
Q

What is the central chemoreceptors response based on?

A

PaCO2 in the blood

26
Q

Describe how the central chemoreceptors increase their firing rate as CO2 reaches the CSF at the ventral surface of the medulla

A
  • CO2 reaches CSF and is mixed with H2O
  • Carbonic Anhydrase is present and creates H2CO3
  • H2CO3 dissociates to H+ and HCO3-
  • H+ activates the central chemoreceptor increase firing rate!!!
27
Q

What molecule activates the central chemoreceptor to increase firing rate?

A

H+

28
Q

Where does the axon of the central chemoreceptor go to?

A

Pre-Botzinger Complex

29
Q

Once the axon of the central chemoreceptor reaches the Pre-Botzinger Complex, then what is the cascade of the signal?

A

Pre-Botzinger
DRG/VRG
Phrenic N.
Diaphragm

30
Q

What chemoreceptors respond with quick changes?

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

31
Q

Where are the majority of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

Carotid Body

32
Q

What senses O2 in the peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

Type 1 Glomus cell

33
Q

When the peripheral chemoreceptors sense the low O2, what do they increase/decrease?

A

ROS, Lactate and decrease ATP

34
Q

When Peripheral chemoreceptors increase ROS, lactate and decrease ATP what does this cause?

A

K+ leaky channels SHUT

– Cells depolarize!

35
Q

As the peripheral chemoreceptors are starting to depolarize once the leaky K+ channels shut, then what enters the cell?

A

CALCIUM

– Cells depolarize further and generate an action potential

36
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors end up releasing?

A

Dopamine

37
Q

With what nerve can peripheral chemoreceptors send action potentials?

A

CN IX

38
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors?

A

Pulmonary Stretch Receptors

39
Q

Where are slowly and rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors located?

A

Airways

40
Q

Describe how slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors stop inspiration

A

Increased size of lungs
Increases the stretch in the airways
Sends an action potential via vagus nerve
STOPS inspiration

41
Q

When are slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors critical?

A

Infancy

Adults when exercising

42
Q

What activates rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors to produce a cough?

A

Airway irritation via CN X

43
Q

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors are ______

A

Protective

44
Q

Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors are used for _____

A

Normal breathing

45
Q

Where are juxtacapillary (J) receptors?

A

By alveolar capillaries

46
Q

What activates J receptors?

A

Pulmonary edema

47
Q

When the J receptors are active, what do they cause to happen?

A

Dry cough and rapid/shallow breathing

48
Q

How does the Cortex influence breathing?

A

BYPASSES the medullary centers and directly contacts muscles of respiration

CPR (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions