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CPR > Pulmonary Physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation to calculate the pressure/volume relationship in the lungs?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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2
Q

As the lung volume increases, what happens to the pressure?

A

Decreases

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3
Q

As the lung volume decreases, what happens to the pressure?

A

Increases

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4
Q

What is the Barometric pressure (Pb) value?

A

760 mmHg = 0 cm H2O

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5
Q

What is the pressure of Oxygen value?

A

150 mmHg

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6
Q

The pressure in the lungs has to be ____ than the barometric pressure in order for air to enter the lungs

A

LESS

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7
Q

Which direction does the chest wall want to go?

A

Expand

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8
Q

Which direction do the lungs want to go?

A

Collapse

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9
Q

From the lungs to superficial, what is the order of the anatomy?

A 
Lungs
Visceral Pleura
Intrapleural space (parietal fluid)
Parietal Pleura
Muscles/ribs
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10
Q

Intrapleural pressure (Ppl) is a _____ number

A

NEGATIVE

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11
Q

What is the value of the intrapleural pressure at rest?

A

-5 cm H2O

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12
Q

With inspiration, what happens to the value of the intrapleural pressure?

A

Volume increases = pressure will decrease
** Intrapleural pressure goes from -5 –> -8 cm H2O
== -8 cm H2O

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13
Q

What is the value of the alveolar pressure at rest?

A

Alveolar pressure = Barometric pressure

== 0 cm H2O

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14
Q

With inspiration, what happens to the value of the alveolar pressure?

A

Volume increases = pressure will decrease
** Alveolar pressure goes from 0 –> -1 cm H2O
== -1 cm H2O

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15
Q

Why does air enter the lungs when the alveolar pressure is -1 cm H2O?

A

It is now LESS than the barometric pressure (0), so air will enter!!

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16
Q

What is the equation for the Transpulmonary pressure?

A

Alveolar pressure - Intrapleural pressure

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17
Q

What is the value of the Transpulmonary pressure at rest?

A

0 - (-5) == 5 cm H2O

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18
Q

At REST, Describe the volume, alveolar and intrapleural pressures

A

Volume = 0
Alveolar pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5

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19
Q

At MID-INSPIRATION, Describe the volume, alveolar and intrapleural pressures

A

Volume is INCREASING
Alveolar pressure = -1
Intrapleural pressure is decreasing

20
Q

At END of INSPIRATION, Describe the volume, alveolar and intrapleural pressures

A

Volume has peaked = 500 mL
Alveolar pressure has returned to 0
Intrapleural pressure = -8

21
Q

At MID-EXPIRATION, Describe the volume, alveolar and intrapleural pressures

A

Volume is DECREASING
Alveolar pressure = +1
Intrapleural pressure is increasing

22
Q

At END of EXPIRATION, Describe the volume, alveolar and intrapleural pressures

A

Volume = 0
Alveolar pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
– back to resting state

23
Q

Minute Ventilation (VE)

A

Volume of air inspired every minute

= RR X Tidal volume

24
Q

What is a normal minute ventilation?

A

14 X 500 mL = 7 L/min

25
Q

Area of lungs and airways where gas exchange does NOT occur

A

Dead space

26
Q

What are the 3 types of dead space?

A
  1. Anatomic
  2. Alveolar
  3. Physiological
27
Q

Anatomic dead space (mL) is equal to?

A

A person’s weight

28
Q

Alveolar dead space is usually?

A

0

29
Q

In a healthy person, physiological dead space is equal to?

A

Anatomic dead space

30
Q

Equation for physiological dead space

A

Physiological dead space = anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space

31
Q

How do you calculate minute alveolar ventilation?

A

Subtract dead space from the tidal volume and then multiply by the RR

32
Q

Low compliance means?

A

Low stretch ability = harder to inflate the lungs

33
Q

High compliance means?

A

Very stretchable = easy to inflate the lungs

34
Q

At low lung volumes, what is the compliance?

A

LOW - harder to inflate

35
Q

At normal lung volumes, what is the compliance?

A

HIGH - easier to inflate

36
Q

At high lung volumes, what is the compliance?

A

LOW - harder to inflate

37
Q

Difference between inspiration and expiration due to surfactant

A

Hysteresis

38
Q

With emphysema, compliance is ____

A

INCREASED - harder to expel air

39
Q

With fibrosis, compliance is ____

A

DECREASED - harder to inspire air

40
Q

As age increases, compliance

A

INCREASES

41
Q

Compliance is the opposite of?

A

Elasticity

42
Q

People with emphysema breathe at ____ volumes

A

HIGHER

43
Q

People with fibrosis breathe at _____ volumes

A

LOWER

44
Q

Alveoli hold each other open; thus loss of them will lose forces that normally counter collapse

A

Interdependence

45
Q

What 2 forces must the work of breathing overcome?

A

Elastic

Resistant

46
Q

With restrictive lung disease, what work changes?

A

Elastic

47
Q

With obstructive lung disease, what work changes?

A

Resistive

CPR (48 decks)

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