Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards
Fluid shift disturbances involve an increase or decrease in what fluid volume?
Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECF)
Volume contraction
DECREASE in ECF volume
Volume expansion
INCREASE in ECF volume
Fluid shift disturbances can involve a change in body fluid _____
Osmolarity
What is osmolarity?
Concentration of particles in a fluid
Isosmotic
No change in body fluid osmolarity
Hyperosmotic
Increase in body fluid osmolarity
Hyposmotic
Decrease in body fluid osmolarity
60-40-20 rule
60% of body weight is total body water
40% of body weight is ICF (intracellular fluid)
20% of body weight is ECF (extracellular fluid)
What makes up the Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?
80% Interstitial Fluid
20% Plasma
Interstitial fluid and Plasma make up?
ECF
All exchanges of water and other things between the ICF and external world must occur through?
ECF
What part of the ECF can you control directly that will in turn, regulate the rest of the ECF?
Plasma
These contain covalent bonds that prevent them from dissociating in water
Nonelectrolytes
- glucose, urea, lipids
Do Nonelectrolytes have electrical charges?
NO
These dissociate into ions in water
Electrolyes
- Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-
Nonelectrolytes or Electrolytes… which have the GREATER ability to cause a fluid shift?
Electrolytes
What electrolytes are higher in the ECF?
Na+
Cl-
HCO3-
What electrolytes are higher in the ICF?
K+
Phosphate ions
Proteins
What maintains blood pressure?
ECF volume
What maintains swelling or shrinking of a cell?
ECF osmolarity
What is the normal value of a cell’s NaCl concentration?
0.85%
Isotonic solution has a what type of NaCl concentration?
= 0.85%
When a cell is placed in an Isotonic solution, what is the net movement of water?
Equally in and out of the cell
Hypertonic solution has what type of NaCl concentration?
Greater than 0.85%
When a cell is placed in a Hypertonic solution, what is the net movement of water?
Water moves OUT of cell - cell shrinks!
Hypotonic solution has what type of NaCl concentration?
Less than 0.85%
When a cell is placed in a Hypotonic solution, what is the net movement of water?
Water moves INTO the cell - cell swells!
How can you estimate the plasma osmolarity?
2(plasma [Na+])
Hyponatremic Dehydration
Loss of Na+ is greater than the loss of fluid from ECF
- Causes shift of fluid from ECF into ICF
Hypernatremic Dehydration
Loss of water is greater than the loss of Na+ from ECF
- Causes shift of fluid from ICF into ECF
Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction
Loss of ECF and ICF volume
Increase in osmolarity
With what conditions may you see Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction?
Diabetes, Alcoholism, Dehydration, Sweating
Decreased ECF and ICF
Increased Osmolarity
Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction
Hyposmotic Volume Contraction
Loss of ECF fluid
Decrease in osmolarity
Fluid moves INTO THE ICF
With what conditions may you see Hyposmotic Volume Contraction?
Adrenal Insufficiency
Decreased ECF, Osmolarity
Increased ICF
Hyposmotic Volume Contraction
Hyposmotic Volume Expansion
Gain of ECF and ICF volume
Decrease in osmolarity
With what conditions may you see Hyposmotic Volume Expansion?
Excess water drinking and Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
Increased ECF, ICF
Decreased Osmolarity
Hyposmotic Volume Expansion
Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion
Gain of ECF volume
Increase in osmolarity
With what conditions may you see Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion?
High NaCl intake
Increased ECF, Decreased ICF
Increased Osmolarity
Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion
Isosmotic Volume Contraction
Loss of ECF volume ONLY
With what conditions may you see Isosmotic Volume Contraction?
Diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage
Decreased ECF
Isosmotic Volume Contraction
Isosmotic Volume Expansion
Increase of ECF volume ONLY
With what condition may you see Isosmotic Volume Expansion?
Injection of Isotonic saline of NaCl
Increased ECF
Isosmotic Volume Expansion
