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Gas Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBCs

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2
Q

3 functions of erythrocytes?

A
  1. Carry CO2 from body to lungs
  2. Carry O2 from lungs to body
  3. Acid/base buffering
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3
Q

How long is a RBC life cycle?

A

120 days

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4
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

Red bone marrow

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5
Q

Where does breakdown of RBCs occur?

A

Macrophages of spleen, liver and red bone marrow

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6
Q

Describe the process of erythropoiesis

A

Hematopoietic stem cells
Proerythrocytes
Erythrocytes
Tissue oxygenation

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7
Q

What controls the formation of RBCs?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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8
Q

What produces erythropoietin?

A

Kidney

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9
Q

What regulates EPO?

A

HIF - hypoxia inducible factor

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10
Q

What will cause more EPO to be formed and thus more RBCs to be formed?

A

Low blood volume, low hemoglobin, central hypoxia (low oxygen)

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11
Q

2 transport mechanisms for oxygen

A
  1. Dissolved

2. Bound to hemoglobin

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12
Q

3 transport mechanisms for carbon dioxide

A
  1. Dissolved
  2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
  3. Carbamino acids
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13
Q

What are the percentages of carbon dioxide as its 3 transport mechanisms in arterial blood?

A
  1. Dissolved = 5%
  2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) = 90%
  3. Carbamino acids = 5%
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14
Q

What are the percentages of carbon dioxide as its 3 transport mechanisms in venous blood?

A
  1. Dissolved = 10%
  2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) = 60%
  3. Carbamino acids = 30%
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15
Q

What is the solubility of CO2?

A

6 mL/CO2

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16
Q

What is an enzyme that can form bicarbonate?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

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17
Q

Describe the reaction Carbonic Anhydrase controls

A

CO2 + OH = HCO3-

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18
Q

What transporter gets carbon dioxide into the capillary?

A

AQP1

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19
Q

Normally, how many grams of Hemoglobin are in 100 mL of blood?

A

15

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20
Q

1 gram of Hb can carry how many mL of O2?

A

1.34

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21
Q

Optimally, there are ____ mL O2/100 mL of blood

A

20.1

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22
Q

Arterial side, has a ____% Hb saturation

A

97.5%

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23
Q

Venous side, has a ____ % Hb saturation

A

75%

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24
Q

Total oxygen on the arterial side is about?

A

20 mL O2/100 mL of blood

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25
Q

Total oxygen on the venous side is about?

A

15 mL O2/100 mL of blood

26
Q

Dissolved oxygen on the arterial side makes up how much of the 20 mL of O2?

27
Q

Dissolved oxygen on the venous side makes up how much of the 15 mL of O2?

28
Q

Breathing 100% O2 increases?

A

Dissolved oxygen content

29
Q

A right shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve means?

A

DECREASED affinity of Hb for Oxygen

30
Q

What 3 things can cause a right shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve?

A

INCREASED temperature
DECREASED pH
INCREASED PCO2

31
Q

With a right shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve, what molecule is increased?

A

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

32
Q

A left shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve means?

A

INCREASED affinity of Hb for Oxygen

33
Q

What 3 things can cause a left shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve?

A

DECREASED temperature
INCREASED pH
DECREASED PCO2

34
Q

What 3 diseases/states have a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

A
  1. Methemoglobinemia
  2. HbFetal
  3. Polycythemia
35
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

CO displaces oxygen from a hemoglobin

36
Q

With carbon monoxide poisoning, the oxygen dissociation curve shifts what way?

37
Q

Artero-venous difference is used to describe ____ and a normal value is _____

A

Oxygen consumption

20 - 15 = 5 mL O2/100 mL of blood

38
Q

Equation for the respiratory quotient (RQ)

A

Volume of CO2 produced/ Volume of O2 consumed

39
Q

What is the respiratory quotient for carbs as fuel?

A

1

1 CO2 produced for every 1 O2 consumed

40
Q

What is the respiratory quotient for fats as fuel?

A

0.7

7 CO2 produced for every 10 O2 consumed

41
Q

As O2 levels DECREASE, CO2 levels?

42
Q

What is needed for erythropoiesis?

A

Vitamin B12, B9, Iron

43
Q

What maintains Fe2+ from going to Fe 3+ and contributes to membrane flexibility?

44
Q

Folate/B12 deficient

A

Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia

45
Q

Poor B12 Absorption

A

Pernicious Anemia

46
Q

Deficient Iron

A

Microcytic Anemia

47
Q

Deficient Transport of Transferrin

A

Hypochromic Anemia

48
Q

Hemoglobin concentration is proportional to blood oxygen content. What happens to the saturation?

A

NOTHING - DOES NOT CHANGE

49
Q

Polycythemia

A

INCREASE in RBCs

50
Q

LOW EPO, high RBCs

A

Primary polycythemia

51
Q

Hypoxia, High EPO, High RBCs

A

Secondary polycythemia

52
Q

High altitude adaptation, High RBCs

A

Physiologic polycythemia

53
Q

Methemoglobinemia causes ____ O2 availability to tissues

54
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Hb with Fe3+ – O2 does not bind well

55
Q

With methemoglobinemia, what color is caucasian skin?

56
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Iron overload

57
Q

What can hemochromatosis cause?

A

Liver cirrhosis, skin pigmentation and diabetes

58
Q

Major form of CO2 transported?

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

59
Q

Volume of CO2 in the blood?

60
Q

Volume of O2 in the blood?

61
Q

Major form of O2 transported?

A

Bound to hemoglobin

CPR (48 decks)

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