Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR > Respiratory Histo > Flashcards

Respiratory Histo Flashcards

1
Q

_____ portion includes air passages that lead to site of respiration in the lungs

A

Conducting portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ portion is the locations where gas exchange occurs

A

Respiratory portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What things are involved in the respiratory portion?

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of epithelium is the respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 cells types found in a majority of the respiratory epithelium?

A
  1. Ciliated Columnar cells
  2. Goblet cells
  3. Brush cells
  4. Small granule cells
  5. Basal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cell type makes up a majority of the respiratory epithelium?

A

Ciliated Columnar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cell type in the respiratory epithelium are chemosensory cells with microvilli connected to sensory nerve fibers?

A

Brush cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cell type in the respiratory epithelium are a part of the DNES (diffuse neuroendocrine system)?

A

Small granule cells - secret granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cell type in the respiratory epithelium are stem cells that line the basement membrane?

A

Basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 regions of the nasal cavities?

A
  1. Nasal vestibule
  2. Respiratory region
  3. Olfactory region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where at and what type of epithelium is the nasal vestibule?

A

Just inside the nostrils

Keratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where at and what type of epithelium is the respiratory region of the nasal cavities?

A

Inferior 2/3

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated (respiratory mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where at and what type of epithelium is the olfactory region of the nasal cavities?

A 
Superior 1/3
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with a few differences
- Dramatically thicker
- NO GOBLET CELLS
- Nonmotile cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the unique features of the olfactory region of the nasal cavities epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

  • Thicker
  • NO GOBLET CELLS
  • Nonmotile cilia
    • Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands secrete in the nasal cavity?

A

Serous product to dissolve odorant molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 4 cell types will you find in the olfactory region of the nasal cavities?

A
  1. Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs)
  2. Basal cells
  3. Brush cells
  4. Sustentacular cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe brush cells in the olfactory region of the nasal cavities

A

Ciliated columnar cells that are in contact with CNV

- chemosensory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe sustentacular cells in the olfactory region of the nasal cavities

A

Mechanical and metabolic support for the ORNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe ORNs

A

Single dendritic process with odorant receptors

- ligand binding causes action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main function of the nasal cavities?

A

Adjust temperature and humidity of inspired air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled spaces in the bones of the walls of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of epithelium is in the paranasal sinuses?

A

Respiratory epithelium - pseudstratified columnar ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Paranasal sinuses communicate with the nasal cavities via openings in the mucosa. How does mucous from the paranasal sinuses get to the nasal cavities?

A

Ciliary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are often subject to acute infections after a viral upper respiratory tract infection?

A

Paranasal sinuses

- sometimes physically drained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Function of larynx?

A

Passage of air between pharynx and trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The larynx is reinforced with cartilage and some skeletal muscle that reinforces phonation. What are the types of cartilage found?

A

Hyaline

Elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function of Epiglottis?

A

Prevent swallowed food/fluid from entering the trachea (airway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the important features of the epiglottis?

A
  • Core of ELASTIC cartilage
  • Lingual surface = stratified squamous
  • Laryngeal surface = pseudostratified columnar ciliated
  • Mixed glands beneath epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The epiglottis has 2 surfaces each with different epithelium. List those surfaces and their corresponding epithelium

A
  1. Lingual surface = stratified squamous

2. Laryngeal surface = pseudostratified columnar ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What type of epithelium is the vestibular folds?

A

Respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Are the vestibular folds movable?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What type of epithelium is the vocal folds?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Purpose of the vocal folds?

A

Protects from abrasion and used for sound production!

34
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx - changes shape of vocal folds and causes hoarseness

35
Q

Croup

A

Childhood form of laryngitis - causes hoarseness and loud, harsh, cough

36
Q

The trachea extends from the larynx and divides into?

A

Main (primary) bronchi

37
Q

Why does the lumen of the trachea remain open?

A

Due to the cartilagenous rings

38
Q

What type of mucosa is found at the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

39
Q

What is found in the submucosa layer at the trachea?

A

Dense CT; houses the hyaline cartilage partial rings and TONS OF GLANDS

40
Q

Serosa or adventitia for the trachea?

A

Adventitia

41
Q

What type of muscle sits posteriorly on the trachea and spans the open ends of the hyaline cartilage rings?

A

Trachealis muscle - smooth muscle

42
Q

The trachea splits into primary bronchi that enter each lung. The primary bronchi will differentiate into?

A

Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles

43
Q

Describe the mucosa of the bronchi

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

  • shorter cells with fewer goblet cells
  • Abundant glands
44
Q

As you move down the bronchi, what happens to the cartilage rings?

A

They are gradually replaced with hyaline cartilage PLATES as the lumen size decreases

45
Q

What does the lamina propria contain in the bronchi?

A

Spiral smooth muscle

46
Q

Bronchioles arise from?

A

Tertiary bronchi

47
Q

The bronchioles enter ______ and branch to form 5-7 ______

A

Pulmonary lobule

Terminal bronchioles

48
Q

The larger bronchioles have what type of mucosa?

A

Pseudstratified columnar ciliated

49
Q

As bronchioles get closer to the terminal bronchioles, what happens to the mucuosa?

A

Transitions from the respiratory epithelium:
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
–> simple columnar
–> simple cuboidal at terminal bronchioles

50
Q

What are bronchioles lacking?

A

NO CARTILAGE, GLANDS and submucosa

51
Q

What layer is prominent in the bronchioles?

A

Muscularis layer of smooth muscle

52
Q

Asthma

A

Recurrent obstruction of air due to bronchiole inflammation and smooth muscle constriction (bronchospasm)

53
Q

What part of the respiratory tract is inflamed with asthma?

A

Bronchioles

54
Q

Symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and chest tightness

55
Q

Describe the bronchiole changes associated with asthma

A

THICK bronchiolar wall and basement membrane
Increased goblet cells, eosinophils, mast cells and lymphocytes
- hyperplastic smooth muscle
– Enlarged blood vessels

56
Q

What type of epithelium are terminal bronchioles?

A

Simple cuboidal

57
Q

What is the predominant cell type in the terminal bronchioles?

A

Club cells

58
Q

Describe the appearance of club cells

A

Dome shaped with secretory granules

59
Q

What are the 3 functions of club cells in the terminal bronchioles?

A
  1. Produce surfactant
  2. Detoxification of inhaled compounds
  3. Secretion of antimicrobial peptides for immune defense
60
Q

What does a terminal bronchiole then divide into?

A

2 or more respiratory bronchioles

61
Q

What is the 1st part of the respiratory region?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

62
Q

What type of epithelium is at the respiratory bronchioles?

A

Simple cuboidal

63
Q

Respiratory bronchioles give rise to?

A

Alveolar ducts

64
Q

What type of cells line alveolar ducts?

A

squamous

65
Q

What form around alveolar ducts?

A

Alveolar rings - smooth muscle, collagen, elastic fibers

66
Q

Large clusters of 2 or more alveoli that form ends of alveolar ducts

A

Alveolar sacs

67
Q

Alveoli are lined by what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

68
Q

What permit movements of air between alveoli?

A

Alveolar pores

69
Q

What is found in between alveoli?

A

Interalveolar septum

70
Q

Interalveolar septum contains?

A

Capillaries
Elastic fibers - permit inhalation
Reticular fibers - prevent collapse

71
Q

What cells line alveoli?

A

Type 1 and Type 2 alveolar cells

72
Q

What alveolar cells participate in gas exchange?

A

Type 1 alveolar cells

73
Q

What alveolar cells produce surfactant and bulge into the alveolus?

A

Type 2 alveolar cells

74
Q

What are the qualities of a type 2 alveolar cell?

A

Line SOME of the alveolus, round, bulge into the alveoli

75
Q

What separates air in the alveoli from the blood?

A

Respiratory membrane = air-blood barrier

76
Q

What makes up the respiratory membrane?

A
  • 2/3 attenuated (thin) cells lining alveolus
  • FUSED basal lamina of capillary endothelium and attenuated cells
  • Thin, endothelial capillary cells
77
Q

Emphysema

A

Permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole
- obstruction of air flow and destruction of alveolar wall

78
Q

What can increase your risk of emphysema?

A

Smoking, chronic inhalation of particulate material

79
Q

What are lost with emphysema?

A

Some areas of gas exchange

80
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of lung tissue

- air spaces fill with exudate (RBCs, WBCs, fibrin)

81
Q

How does the lung appear with pneumonia?

A

Red, firm (lack of air spaces), heavy (exudate)

CPR (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions