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CPR > Renal Anatomy/Histology > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy/Histology Flashcards

1
Q

At what vertebral levels do the kidneys extend from?

A

T12 - L3

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2
Q

Which kidney is slightly lower?

A

Right Kidney

– Due to the liver

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3
Q

What anatomical plane at L1 runs above the left kidney’s hilum but through the superior pole of the right kidney?

A

Transpyloric plane

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4
Q

The right kidney is lower; how far is its inferior pole from the right iliac crest?

A

1 index finger width

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5
Q

What are the 3 points of constriction for the ureters?

A
  1. Uretopelvic junction
  2. Over common or external iliac
  3. Uretovesical junction
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6
Q

Describe the blood supply from the aorta to the peritubular capillaries?

A 
Aorta
Renal Arteries
Segmental A. 
Interlobar A.
Arcuate A.
Interlobar A.
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
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7
Q

Describe the order of the blood back through the veins from the peritubular capillaries

A 
Peritubular capillaries
Interlobar V.
Arcuate V.
Interlobar V.
Renal V.
Inferior Vena Cava
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8
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the kidney?

A

Renal plexus

  • Lesser splanchnic (T10-T11)
  • Least splanchnic (T12)
  • Lumbar Splanchnic (L1-L2)
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9
Q

What ganglion does the renal plexus (sympathetic innervation to the kidney) synapse at?

A

Aorticorenal

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10
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the kidney?

A

Vagus N (CNX)

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11
Q

What makes up the Renal Corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule

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12
Q

What makes up a nephron?

A 
Renal corpuscle
Proximal Convoluted tubule
Proximal Straight tubule
Thin loop of Henle
Distal straight tubule
Distal Convoluted tubule
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13
Q

What makes up a uriniferous tubule?

A

Nephron and collecting ducts

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14
Q

Job of the uriniferous tubules?

A

Urine production and concentration

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15
Q

What are cortical (medullary) rays?

A

Aggregation of collecting ducts and straight tubules in the cortex

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16
Q

What do cortical (medullary) rays run between in the cortex?

A

Cortical labyrinth

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17
Q

What is included in the cortical labyrinth?

A

Renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules

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18
Q

What portions of the nephron are in the renal cortex?

A

Renal Corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule

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19
Q

What portions of the nephron are in the renal medulla?

A

Proximal straight tubule

Loop of Henle

20
Q

What type of endothelium is located at the glomerulus?

A

Fenestrated

21
Q

What immediately surrounds the glomerular capillaries?

A

Bowman’s capsule

22
Q

What are the 2 layers of Bowman’s capsule?

A
  1. Visceral

2. Parietal

23
Q

What cell type lies in the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Podocytes

24
Q

Podocytes extend _____ around capillaries

A

Pedicels (foot processes)

25
Q

When pedicels from podocytes connect, what do they form?

A

Filtration slits

26
Q

Filtration slits are ______ selective filter

A

SIZE

27
Q

What type of epithelium is the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Simple squamous

28
Q

What 3 things make up the filtration apparatus?

A

Fenestrated glomerular endothelium
Glomerular basement membrane
Visceral layer of Bowman’s Capsule

29
Q

What does the glomerular basement membrane restrict?

A

Large proteins, like Albumin

30
Q

Mesangial cells + ECM =

A

Mesangium

31
Q

Where is the mesangium located?

A

Near the vascular pole of the Renal corpuscle

32
Q

What is a main function of the mesangium?

A

Contractile - modulates glomerular distention

33
Q

How can you identify a proximal convoluted tubule on a histo image?

A

Apical brush border – cloudy lumen

34
Q

Descending or Ascending loop of Henle - where does water diffuse out?

A

Descending

35
Q

Descending or Ascending loop of Henle - where is the loop IMPERMEABLE to water?

A

Ascending

36
Q

What portion of the nephron can exchange sodium for potassium under Aldosterone?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

37
Q

How can you identify collecting tubules/ducts on a histo image?

A

Cell BOUNDARIES

38
Q

Job of Macula Densa cells?

A

Sense low sodium

39
Q

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?

A

Near vascular pole of renal corpuscle and at terminal portion of the distal straight tubule

40
Q

Where are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

On the afferent arterioles

41
Q

What things make up the urinary tract?

A

Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

42
Q

What type of epithelium is found at the urinary tract?

A

Transitional Epithelium – “urothelium”

43
Q

What shape is the transitional epithelium when the bladder is empty?

A

Dome shaped

44
Q

What shape is the transitional epithelium when the bladder is full?

A

Flat

45
Q

The Urethra starts out as Transitional Epithelium, what does it end as?

A

Stratified squamous

CPR (48 decks)

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