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CPR > Lipids and Lipoproteins - Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipids and Lipoproteins - Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipoproteins?

A

Vehicles that transport cholesterols, TAGs and fat-soluble vitamins

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2
Q

Vehicles that transport cholesterols, TAGs and fat-soluble vitamins

A

Lipoproteins

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3
Q

Ligands that bind receptors to internalize lipoproteins

A

Apolipoproteins

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4
Q

Outer shell of lipoproteins consists of?

A

Phospholipids
Apolipoproteins
Free cholesterol

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5
Q

Inner core of lipoproteins consists of?

A

Cholesterol
Cholesterol Esters
TAGs
Fat soluble vitamins

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6
Q

What are the 5 types of Lipoproteins?

A
  1. Chylomicrons
  2. VLDL
  3. IDL
  4. LDL
  5. HDL
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7
Q

What is the largest lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicron

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8
Q

What is the smallest lipoprotein?

A

HDL

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9
Q

What is the most dense lipoprotein?

A

HDL

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10
Q

What is the least dense lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicron

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11
Q

What lipoprotein contains the most TAGs and least protein?

A

Chylomicrons

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12
Q

What lipoprotein contains the most proteins and least TAGs?

A

HDL

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13
Q

Bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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14
Q

Good cholesterol

A

HDL

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15
Q

Apo-48

A

Facilitates transport

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16
Q

ApoC - II

A

Activates capillary lipoprotein lipase

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17
Q

ApoE

A

Facilitates uptake into the liver

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18
Q

ApoB - 100

A

Facilitates uptake into cells

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19
Q

ApoA - 1

A

Activates enzyme that esterifies cholesterol

20
Q

What apolipoproteins do chylomicrons have?

A

Apo-48
ApoC - II
ApeE

21
Q

What apolipoproteins do VLDL have?

A

ApoB - 100
ApoC - II
ApoE

22
Q

What apolipoproteins do IDL have?

A

ApoB-100

ApoE

23
Q

What apolipoproteins do LDL have?

24
Q

What apolipoproteins do HDL have?

A

ApoA - 1
ApoC - II
ApoE

25
Q

Describe chylomicron processing

A
  • Lipoproteins (Apo-48, ApoC - II, ApoE) are added to chylomicron
  • ApoC - II activates lipoprotein lipase that hydrolyzes TAGs
  • Remnants of chylomicron are endocytosed by the liver with binding of ApoE
26
Q

When you hydrolyze TAGs, what do you get?

A

Glycerol and Free Fatty Acids

27
Q

Describe VLDL, IDL, LDL processing

A
  • VLDL (ApoB-100, ApoC-II, ApoE) assembled in liver and sent to blood stream
  • Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TAGs and ApoC-II is released == forms IDL (ApoB-100, ApoE)
  • IDL delivers cholesterol to the liver and loses more TAGs and ApoE == becomes LDL (ApoB-100)
  • LDL delivers cholesterol to liver and peripheral tissues via binding of ApoB-100
28
Q

Major carrier of cholesterol in the blood and takes it to peripheral tissues?

A

LDL (bad cholesterol)

29
Q

When LDL’s ApoB-100 binds receptor on target tissue, what happens next?

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis:

  • Receptor and LDL brought into cell in endosome
  • LDL dissociates from receptor
  • LDL releases cholesterol contents
    • Receptor returned to cell surface
30
Q

Describe HDL processing

A
  • HDL picks up cholesterol from tissues due to ApoA - 1
  • LCAT esterifies cholesterols
  • HDL delivers cholesterols to liver for excretion
31
Q

What does HDL donate and receive from chylomicrons?

A

ApoC - II

ApoE

32
Q

What does HDL transfer to VLDL, IDL and LDL in exchange for TAGs and phospholipids?

A

Cholesterol esters

33
Q

What facilitates HDL exchanges with VLDL, IDL and LDL?

34
Q

What does HDL remove from peripheral tissues?

35
Q

Increased HDL ____ risk for coronary artery disease

36
Q

HDL is needed for maturation of?

A

Chylomicrons

37
Q

Tangier Disease

A

HDL deficiency, accumulation of cholesterol

– can cause atherosclerosis

38
Q

Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia

A

Inability to hydrolyze TAGs in chylomicrons and VLDL

= HIGH TAGs

39
Q

What are possible deficient with Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia?

A

ApoC - II

Lipoprotein lipase

40
Q

If lipoprotein lipase is deficient, when will it be noticed?

41
Q

If ApoC - II is deficient, when will it be noticed?

A

Post - adolescence

42
Q

Physical symptoms of Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia?

A

Xanthomas

Creamy blood

43
Q

Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia

A

Deficient LDL receptors = defect in LDL uptake

== HIGH CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD

44
Q

How is Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

45
Q

What does Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia result in?

A

Increased LDL in blood vessels (goes into intima)

– Stimulates ATHEROSCLEROSIS

46
Q

Symptoms of Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia?

A

Xanthomas

Angina pectoris

47
Q

What enzyme esterifies cholesterols and puts them in HDL core?

CPR (48 decks)

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