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CPR > Pressure-Volume relationship - Cardiovascular Phys. > Flashcards

Pressure-Volume relationship - Cardiovascular Phys. Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things affect cardiac output?

A
  1. Heart rate
  2. Contractility
  3. Preload
  4. Afterload
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2
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

SV X HR

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3
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood ejected by ventricle with each beat

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4
Q

What is the equation for stroke volume?

A

EDV - ESV

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

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5
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A

Fraction of EDV ejected in each stroke volume

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6
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Total volume of blood ejected by ventricle per minute

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7
Q

Normal value for SV?

A

70 mL

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8
Q

Normal value for ejection fraction?

A

55%

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9
Q

Normal value for cardiac output?

A

5 L

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10
Q

What is preload?

A

Amount of blood ready to be pumped out – EDV

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11
Q

At steady state, what should cardiac output be equal to?

A

Venous return

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12
Q

What is afterload?

A

Force opposing contraction during ejection

– pressure required to eject blood

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13
Q

EDPVR

A

End diastolic pressure volume relationship

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14
Q

ESPVR

A

End systolic pressure volume relationship

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15
Q

For EDPVR, increases in volume ____ increase pressure

A

Do not greatly

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16
Q

For ESPVR, increases in volume ___ increase pressure

A

DO

17
Q

ESPVR curve is used to illustrate?

A

CONTRACTILITY

18
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, what occurs at point A?

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve opens and ventricular filling begins (diastole)

19
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, what occurs at point B?

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve closes and isovolumetric contraction begins

20
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, what occurs at point C?

A

Aortic valve opens and ejection begins

21
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, what occurs at point D?

A

Aortic valve closes and isovolumetric relaxation begins

22
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, point A is what volume?

A

ESV

23
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, point B is what volume?

A

EDV

24
Q

On the pressure-volume graph, the length of point A to point B represents what volume?

A

Stroke volume

25
Q

Decreased preload, would affect the pressure-volume graph how?

A

Less blood to be pumped out = DECREASED EDV

26
Q

Increased afterload, would affect the pressure-volume graph how?

A

Increased pressure to overcome to eject blood = INCREASED pressure to open aortic valve (point C)
INCREASED ESV - decrease SV

27
Q

Decreased afterload, would affect the pressure-volume graph how?

A

Decreased pressure to overcome to eject blood = DECREASED pressure to open aortic valve (point C)
DECREASED ESV - increased SV

28
Q

Increased contractility _____ ESV

A

DECREASES

29
Q

Decreased contractility _____ ESV

A

INCREASES

30
Q

Increased contractility ____ stroke volume

A

Increases

CPR (48 decks)

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