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CPR > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Hemostasis

A

Steps body takes to limit blood loss - clot formation

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2
Q

What are platelets derived from?

A

Megakaryoctyes

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3
Q

Platelets are ____ of megakaryocytes

A

Cell fragments

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4
Q

Another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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5
Q

What is the normal range of platelets?

A

150K - 450K

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6
Q

Less than ____ platelets is lethal

A

10K

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7
Q

What things do platelets contain?

A
  1. Actin, myosin, mitochondria
  2. Dense core granules and alpha granules
  3. Cox1 - generates thromboxane A2
  4. Serotonin
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8
Q

What types of granules do platelets contain?

A

Dense core and alpha granules

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9
Q

What neurotransmitter do platelets contain?

A

Serotonin

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10
Q

What molecule regulates platelet production?

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

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11
Q

What produces Thrombopoietin?

A

Kidney and Liver

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12
Q

What receptor does Thrombopoietin bind to?

A

C-MPL

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13
Q

What cells contain C-MPL receptors?

A

Megakaryocytes/platelets/other hematopoietic stem cells

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14
Q

When TPO binds to C-MPL receptor on megakaryocytes, what results?

A

Formation of platelets

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15
Q

What happens to TPO when there is a high number of platelets?

A

It is mostly bound to C-MPL receptor and then gets internalized and degraded by megakaryocytes and platelets

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16
Q

What happens to TPO when there is a low number of platelets?

A

It is mostly free and NOT bound to C-MPL

17
Q

What controls the secretion of Thrombopoietin?

A

Itself and platelets

18
Q

What are the steps to Hemostasis?

A
  1. Vascular spasm (vasospasm)
  2. Formation of platelet plug
  3. Clot formation
19
Q

What platelet factors are involved in vasospasm?

A

Serotonin and Thromboxane A2

20
Q

Why don’t platelets adhere to each other?

A

Their NEGATIVE CHARGES

21
Q

Adhesion of platelets to the site of injury is initiated by the activation of?

A

Platelet receptors

22
Q

What receptor on platelets stimulates platelet adhesion through its activation?

A

GP 1b/1a

23
Q

What does GP 1b/1a bind to?

A

Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

24
Q

After GP 1b/1a binds vWF and its activated, what does this cause?

A

Release of platelet contents:

- Release of ADP, serotonin, thromboxane A2, Fibrinogen, vWF

25
Q

Release of platelet contents causes?

A

Activation and aggregation of more platelets

26
Q

What receptor on platelets does ADP bind?

A

P2Y12

27
Q

Once fibrinogen is released, it binds platelet receptors to do what?

A

Bridge platelets together and forms the plug

28
Q

Release of what from activated platelets causes the plug to form?

A

Fibrinogen

29
Q

What is important in the formation of a clot?

A

Thrombin

30
Q

Thrombin takes fibrinogen to?

A

Fibrin

31
Q

Fibrin polymerization and contraction of the clot requires?

A

Calcium

32
Q

What does Aspirin inhibit?

A

Clot formation by inhibiting release of more thromboxane A2

33
Q

What does Clopidogrel (plavix) inhibit?

A

P2Y12 receptors on platelets to block further platelet activation

34
Q

When the platelets release ADP, serotonin, and thromboxane A2, what does that do?

A

Those molecules go on to bind more receptors on platelets which activates them and causes more platelets to aggregate at the injury site to form the platelet plug

35
Q

Aspirin and plavix reduce clot formation by blocking molecules that?

A

Stimulate more activation and aggregation of platelets

CPR (48 decks)

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