Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the main neurotransmitters used in the sympathetic system?

Answer 1

Ach, NE, Epi and Dopamine (DA)

Question 2

What are the main neurotransmitters used in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 2

Ach

Question 3

What are the main receptors used in the sympathetic system?

Answer 3

nAchR
mAchR
Alpha and Beta Adrenergic

Question 4

What are the main receptors used in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 4

nAchR

mAchR

Question 5

Transmission that involves the release of Ach

Answer 5

Cholinergic

Question 6

Transmission that involves the release of catecholamines

Answer 6

Adrenergic

Question 7

Catecholamines

Answer 7

NE (norepinephrine)
Epinephrine
Dopamine

Question 8

Every pre-ganglionic fiber (sympathetic and parasymptahetic) releases ____ to a _____ receptor

Answer 8

Ach

nAchR

Question 9

Post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers release what to what receptors?

Answer 9

Ach to mAchR

Question 10

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers that release Ach to mAchr, innervate what?

Answer 10

Sweat glands

Question 11

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers that release NE, release it to what receptors?

Answer 11

Alpha and Beta Adrenergic

Question 12

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers that release DA, release it to what receptors?

Answer 12

D1 - D5

Question 13

Where is a majority of the Epi released from?

Answer 13

Adrenal Medulla

Question 14

What neurotransmitter binding to what receptor activates the release of NE and Epi from the adrenal medulla

Answer 14

Ach to nAchR

Question 15

What does dopamine innervate?

Answer 15

Renal vasculature and smooth muscle

Question 16

What is the cascade of cholinergic transmission steps?

Answer 16

Ach synthesis
Ach storage
Ach release
Ach degradation

Question 17

What degrades Ach?

Answer 17

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 18

What type of receptor is nAchR?

Answer 18

Ionotropic - N+/K+ channel

Question 19

What type of receptor is mAchR?

Answer 19

Metabotropic - G protein

Question 20

Ionotropic receptors are _____

Answer 20

Excitatory

Question 21

Metabotropic receptors are ______ and _____

Answer 21

Excitatory and inhibitory

Question 22

Which mAchR receptors used Gq/11 to signal?

Answer 22

M1, M3, M5

Question 23

Which mAchR receptors use Gi/o to signal?

Answer 23

M2, M4

Question 24

What is the cascade of adrenergic transmission steps?

Answer 24

Synthesis
Storage
Release
REUPTAKE

Question 25

How are adrenergic signals terminated?

Answer 25

NT REUPTAKE

Question 26

In order to create catecholamines in the cell, what AA enters?

Answer 26

Tyrosine

Question 27

Describe the order of catecholamines made in the cell

Answer 27

``` Tyrosine Dopa Dopamine *Enters vesicle* NE ```

Question 28

What transports catecholamines into vesicles?

Answer 28

VMAT-2

Question 29

What transports NE back into the cell (reuptake)?

Answer 29

NET

Question 30

What transports DA back into the cell (reuptake)?

Answer 30

DAT

Question 31

In general, what receptors cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 31

Alpha1

Question 32

In general, what receptors cause vasodilation?

Answer 32

Beta2

Question 33

Blood vessels are innervated by _____ receptors

Answer 33

Adrenergic

Question 34

Are blood vessels innervated by parasympathetics?

Answer 34

NO

Question 35

What receptors will you not find in blood vessels?

Answer 35

nAchR | mAchR

Question 36

Stimulation of the receptors on a blood vessel will cause?

Answer 36

Vasoconstriction

Question 37

What must be intact for a blood vessel to vasodilate?

Answer 37

Endothelium

Question 38

Describe how a blood vessel can vasodilate if Ach is released to an endothelial cell?

Answer 38

Ach binds to a mAchR Activates the release of NO NO goes to the smooth muscle cell and relaxes it

Question 39

What vasodilates blood vessels?

Answer 39

Nitric Oxide released from endothelial cells after Ach binds

Question 40

Activates a receptor

Answer 40

Agonists

Question 41

Blocks a receptor from being activated

Answer 41

Antagonists

Question 42

Cholinomimetic agents

Answer 42

Mimic Ach - agonists

Question 43

Cholinoreceptor - blocking drugs

Answer 43

AchR antagonists

Question 44

Sympathomimetic agents

Answer 44

Mimic catecholamines - agonists

Question 45

What will Sympathomimetic agonists block?

Answer 45

REUPTAKE

Question 46

Adrenoreceptor - blocking drugs

Answer 46

Alpha/beta receptor antagonists

Question 47

Muscarinic receptor activation causes?

Answer 47

Contraction