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CPR > Cardiac and Vascular Histo > Flashcards

Cardiac and Vascular Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the appearance of smooth muscle

A

Centrally located, elongated nucleus

- Tissue is NOT wavy

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2
Q

Describe the overall general features of cardiac muscle

A
  • Intercalated discs
  • Centrally located nucleus surrounded by an unstained portion
  • lipofuscin granules near some of the nuclei
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3
Q

What is the order of the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?

A 
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
*Pericardial cavity*
Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Cardiac skeleton
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4
Q

The epicardium (visceral serous pericardium) is loose CT that contains what 3 things?

A
  1. Autonomic nerves
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Branches of coronary arteries in the adipose tissue
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5
Q

What lines the epicardium?

A

Mesothelium

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6
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

What type of cells does the myocardium contain?

A

Cardiocytes
Nodal cardiocytes
Myoendocrine cardiocytes

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8
Q

What are the main histo features of the myocardium?

A

Intercalated discs
Striations
Lipofuscin granules

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9
Q

What type of T - tubule system does the myocardium have?

A

Dyad

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10
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Junctions between cardiocytes that allow spread of excitation and contraction

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of membrane - to - membrane contacts with the intercalated discs?

A
  1. Fascia adherens - most predominant
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap junctions
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12
Q

Which membrane - to - membrane contacts are transverse?

A

Fascia adherens

Desmosomes

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13
Q

Which membrane - to - membrane contacts are longitudinal?

A

Gap junctions

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14
Q

Actin filaments that insert into junction and transmit contractile force between cells

A

Fascia adherens

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15
Q

Low electrical resistance that allows excitation to spread between cells

A

Gap junctions

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16
Q

Anchorage for filaments of cytoskeleton

A

Desmosomes

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17
Q

Dyad T - tubules =

A

1 T - tubule + 1 SR cisterna

– permits uniform contraction

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18
Q

Purkinje fibers have an increased amount of?

A

Glycogen

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19
Q

What do Purkinje fibers lack?

A

T tubules

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20
Q

Where are Purkinje fibers larger at?

A

Periphery of myocardium

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21
Q

Where do most of the myoendocrine cardiocytes reside?

A

Right atrium

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22
Q

What do myoendocrine cardiocytes release?

A

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

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23
Q

Job of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)?

A
  • released from myoendocrine cardiocytes

Act on the kidney to decrease sodium and water retention

24
Q

Endocardium =

A

Endothelium + layer of CT

25
Q

In the ventricles, the endocardium has an extra layer known as?

A

Subendocardial layer

26
Q

What is contained in the subendocardial layer of the endocardium of the ventricles?

A

CT with smooth muscle and branches of purkinje fibers

27
Q

In the atrial endocardium, is there a subendocardial layer?

A

NO

28
Q

Atria or ventricles, which endocardium has a subendocardial layer (CT with smooth muscle and purkinjes)?

A

Ventricles!

29
Q

With no subendocardial layer in the atria, the purkinje fibers are closer to?

A

The endocardium

30
Q

Purpose of cardiac skeleton?

A

Electrical insulator between the atria and ventricles

31
Q

What are heart valves made of?

A

Fibroelastic CT covered by endothelium and continuous with the cardiac skeleton

32
Q

What forms a valve ring (central portion of valve)?

A

Fibroelastic layer of endocardium

33
Q

What are the 3 layers that comprise the walls of arteries and veins from innermost to outermost?

A
  1. Tunica Intima
  2. Tunica Media
  3. Tunic Adventitia
34
Q

Arteries diameter decreases as they get _____ to the heart

A

Further

35
Q

Veins diameter increases as they get ____ to the heart

A

Closer

36
Q

What type of epithelium is in the tunica intima?

A

Simple squamous

37
Q

What is in the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima?

A

Internal elastic membrane

38
Q

The number of _____ between endothelial cells in the tunica intima alters permeability

A

Junctions

39
Q

Endothelial cells in the tunica intima produce?

A

Collagen

40
Q

Tunica Media

A

Circumferentially arranged layers of smooth muscle

41
Q

In what is the tunica media the thickest?

A

Arteries

42
Q

In arteries, between what 2 things is the tunica media?

A

Internal Elastic Membrane

External Elastic Membrane

43
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A

Longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue

44
Q

In what is the tunica adventitia the thickest?

A

Veins/venules

45
Q

What 2 things can be found in the tunica adventitia?

A
  1. Vasa Vasorum

2. Nervi Vasorum

46
Q

Vessels of tunica adventitia that supply blood to vascular tunics

A

Vasa vasorum

47
Q

ANS input that controls contraction of vascular smooth muscle
- found in tunica adventitia

A

Nervi vasorum

48
Q

Large arteries contain a lot of?

A

Elastin

49
Q

Medium arteries (muscular) have a prominent?

A

Internal elastic membrane

50
Q

Medium arteries have ____ smooth muscle and less elastin compared to large arteries

A

MORE

51
Q

For large arteries, where does the elastin reside?

A

Between muscle cell layers

52
Q

Small arteries and arterioles have ____ layers of smooth muscle

A

Many

53
Q

Site of metabolic exchange; diameter often less than RBC

A

Capillaries

54
Q

What cells promote the stability of capillaries and are controlled by NO?

A

Pericytes

55
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous - most common; cells meet end to end with tight junctions
  2. Fenestrated - has pores amongst endothelial cells
  3. Discontinuous
56
Q

Veins have ____ walls than arteries

A

Thinner

57
Q

Veins have _____ lumen than arteries

A

Larger

CPR (48 decks)

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