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CPR > Cardiac and Vascular Histo > Flashcards

Cardiac and Vascular Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the appearance of smooth muscle

A

Centrally located, elongated nucleus

- Tissue is NOT wavy

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2
Q

Describe the overall general features of cardiac muscle

A
  • Intercalated discs
  • Centrally located nucleus surrounded by an unstained portion
  • lipofuscin granules near some of the nuclei
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3
Q

What is the order of the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?

A 
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
*Pericardial cavity*
Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Cardiac skeleton
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4
Q

The epicardium (visceral serous pericardium) is loose CT that contains what 3 things?

A
  1. Autonomic nerves
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Branches of coronary arteries in the adipose tissue
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5
Q

What lines the epicardium?

A

Mesothelium

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6
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

What type of cells does the myocardium contain?

A

Cardiocytes
Nodal cardiocytes
Myoendocrine cardiocytes

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8
Q

What are the main histo features of the myocardium?

A

Intercalated discs
Striations
Lipofuscin granules

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9
Q

What type of T - tubule system does the myocardium have?

A

Dyad

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10
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Junctions between cardiocytes that allow spread of excitation and contraction

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of membrane - to - membrane contacts with the intercalated discs?

A
  1. Fascia adherens - most predominant
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap junctions
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12
Q

Which membrane - to - membrane contacts are transverse?

A

Fascia adherens

Desmosomes

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13
Q

Which membrane - to - membrane contacts are longitudinal?

A

Gap junctions

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14
Q

Actin filaments that insert into junction and transmit contractile force between cells

A

Fascia adherens

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15
Q

Low electrical resistance that allows excitation to spread between cells

A

Gap junctions

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16
Q

Anchorage for filaments of cytoskeleton

A

Desmosomes

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17
Q

Dyad T - tubules =

A

1 T - tubule + 1 SR cisterna

– permits uniform contraction

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18
Q

Purkinje fibers have an increased amount of?

A

Glycogen

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19
Q

What do Purkinje fibers lack?

A

T tubules

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20
Q

Where are Purkinje fibers larger at?

A

Periphery of myocardium

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21
Q

Where do most of the myoendocrine cardiocytes reside?

A

Right atrium

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22
Q

What do myoendocrine cardiocytes release?

A

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

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23
Q

Job of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)?

A
  • released from myoendocrine cardiocytes

Act on the kidney to decrease sodium and water retention

24
Q

Endocardium =

A

Endothelium + layer of CT

25
In the ventricles, the endocardium has an extra layer known as?
Subendocardial layer
26
What is contained in the subendocardial layer of the endocardium of the ventricles?
CT with smooth muscle and branches of purkinje fibers
27
In the atrial endocardium, is there a subendocardial layer?
NO
28
Atria or ventricles, which endocardium has a subendocardial layer (CT with smooth muscle and purkinjes)?
Ventricles!
29
With no subendocardial layer in the atria, the purkinje fibers are closer to?
The endocardium
30
Purpose of cardiac skeleton?
Electrical insulator between the atria and ventricles
31
What are heart valves made of?
Fibroelastic CT covered by endothelium and continuous with the cardiac skeleton
32
What forms a valve ring (central portion of valve)?
Fibroelastic layer of endocardium
33
What are the 3 layers that comprise the walls of arteries and veins from innermost to outermost?
1. Tunica Intima 2. Tunica Media 3. Tunic Adventitia
34
Arteries diameter decreases as they get _____ to the heart
Further
35
Veins diameter increases as they get ____ to the heart
Closer
36
What type of epithelium is in the tunica intima?
Simple squamous
37
What is in the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima?
Internal elastic membrane
38
The number of _____ between endothelial cells in the tunica intima alters permeability
Junctions
39
Endothelial cells in the tunica intima produce?
Collagen
40
Tunica Media
Circumferentially arranged layers of smooth muscle
41
In what is the tunica media the thickest?
Arteries
42
In arteries, between what 2 things is the tunica media?
Internal Elastic Membrane | External Elastic Membrane
43
Tunica Adventitia
Longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue
44
In what is the tunica adventitia the thickest?
Veins/venules
45
What 2 things can be found in the tunica adventitia?
1. Vasa Vasorum | 2. Nervi Vasorum
46
Vessels of tunica adventitia that supply blood to vascular tunics
Vasa vasorum
47
ANS input that controls contraction of vascular smooth muscle - found in tunica adventitia
Nervi vasorum
48
Large arteries contain a lot of?
Elastin
49
Medium arteries (muscular) have a prominent?
Internal elastic membrane
50
Medium arteries have ____ smooth muscle and less elastin compared to large arteries
MORE
51
For large arteries, where does the elastin reside?
Between muscle cell layers
52
Small arteries and arterioles have ____ layers of smooth muscle
Many
53
Site of metabolic exchange; diameter often less than RBC
Capillaries
54
What cells promote the stability of capillaries and are controlled by NO?
Pericytes
55
What are the 3 types of capillaries?
1. Continuous - most common; cells meet end to end with tight junctions 2. Fenestrated - has pores amongst endothelial cells 3. Discontinuous
56
Veins have ____ walls than arteries
Thinner
57
Veins have _____ lumen than arteries
Larger

CPR (48 decks)

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