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CPR > Myocardial Infarction/ECG > Flashcards

Myocardial Infarction/ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What are the limb leads?

A

I, II, III, AVR, AVL, AVF

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2
Q

In what plane do the limb leads show depolarization?

A

Coronal plane

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3
Q

What are the precordial leads?

A

V1 - V6

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4
Q

In what plane do the precordial leads show deplorization?

A

Transverse (horizontal) plane

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5
Q

What is meant by the cardiac axis?

A

Overall depolarization direction of the heart in the coronal plane

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6
Q

What leads do you look at to determine the cardiac axis?

A

I and AVF

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7
Q

If the QRS complex is deflected upward (+), where is the depolarization moving?

A

Towards lead

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8
Q

If the QRS complex is deflected downward (-), where is the depolarization moving?

A

Away from the lead

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9
Q

What is the normal axis?

A

0-90 degrees

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10
Q

How do you plot the cardiac axis?

A

Take the number of boxes the leads I and AVF QRS complexes move (NET) and graph against each other.

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11
Q

Normal axis

A

(+) Lead I and (+) Lead AVF

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12
Q

Left axis

A

(+) Lead I and (-) Lead AVF

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13
Q

(+) lead I and (-) lead AVF

A

Left axis

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14
Q

Right axis

A

(-) Lead I and (+) Lead AVF

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15
Q

(-) lead I and (+) lead AVF

A

Right axis

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16
Q

What are the main symptoms of coronary artery disease/STEMI?

A

Chest discomfort that radiates to neck, jaw, shoulder, left arm
Sweating, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath

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17
Q

STEMI means the coronary A. is?

A

Occluded

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18
Q

What are the 3 zones of infarction?

A
  1. Ischemia (compromised)
  2. Injury (dying tissue)
  3. Infarction (dead tissue)
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19
Q

With ischemia, what EKG change will be registered?

A

T wave changes

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20
Q

With injury, what EKG change will be registered?

A

ST segment shifts up or down

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21
Q

With infarction, what EKG change will be registered?

A

Q wave

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22
Q

Main cardiac biomarker of necrosis?

A

Troponin I or T

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23
Q

What can cause a false positive cTnT (troponin)?

A

Renal failure

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24
Q

How soon after an acute MI is Troponin detectable?

A

1-4 hours

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25
Q

NSTEMI has ____ ST elevation

A

NO

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26
Q

NSTEMI, changes in troponin levels?

A

Increase!

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27
Q

What changes are seen with a NSTEMI?

A

T wave inversion because NSTEMI does not cause complete occlusion of the artery

28
Q

STEMI has ST elevation of more than ___ in males

A

2 mm

29
Q

STEMI has a ST elevation of more than ____ in females

A

1.5 mm

30
Q

STEMI = complete occlusion of blood flow =

A

ACUTE MI

31
Q

What leads measure the anterior heart?

A

V1 - V4

32
Q

What artery supplies the anterior heart?

A

LAD - anterior interventricular

33
Q

What leads measure the posterior heart?

A

V1 - V3

34
Q

What artery supplies the posterior heart?

A

PDA - posterior interventricular

35
Q

What leads measure the inferior heart?

A

II, III, AVF

36
Q

What artery supplies the inferior heart?

A

Right coronary A.

37
Q

What leads measure the lateral heart?

A

I, AVL, V5, V6

38
Q

What artery supplies the lateral heart?

A

Circumflex

39
Q

What will you need to do in order to see ST segment elevation with a posterior infarction?

A

FLIP the EKG

40
Q

What classifies a sinus rhythm?

A

P wave before every QRS complex

41
Q

HR > 100 with p wave before every QRS

A

Sinus Tachycardia

42
Q

HR < 60 with p wave before every QRS

A

Sinus Bradycardia

43
Q

Ectopic beats

A

Cardiac depolarization originates from a place other than the normal pathway

44
Q

Premature Atrial Contraction looks like what on an EKG?

A

Normal, then a random weird looking P wave with a pause longer than normal after it

45
Q

Premature Ventricular Contraction looks like what on an EKG?

A

Weird, random QRS complex

46
Q

Where is the beat with a Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)?

A

Ectopic foci in atria

47
Q

Where is the beat with a Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)?

A

Ectopic foci in the ventricles

48
Q

Can you have multiple ectopic foci?

A

YES, waves will look different

49
Q

Bigeminy

A

Every other beat is a PVC

50
Q

Trigeminy

A

Every third beat is a PVC

51
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia (VTACH)

A

Sudden, rapid ventricular foci paces rapidly

- sustained, nonsustained or pulseless

52
Q

How does Ventricular Tachycardia look on an EKG?

A

WIDE QRS complex!!

53
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

A

Rapid atrial foci paces rapidly

54
Q

How does Supraventricular Tachycardia look on an EKG?

A

P wave likely hidden behind T wave

NARROW QRS complex!!

55
Q

Atrial Fibrilation, what is it and how is it described?

A

Chaotic quivering in atria - IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR

56
Q

How does Atrial Fibrilation look on an EKG?

A

Undulating baseline
No discernible P waves
IRREGULAR R-R interval!

57
Q

AV blocks

A

Any conduction block between SA node and Purkinje fibers

58
Q

1st degree AV block

A

PR Interval > 0.2 seconds

59
Q

With 1st degree AV block, what measurement on the EKG can you use to diagnose?

A

PR interval is longer than 1 big box

60
Q

What are the 2 types of 2nd degree AV block?

A
  1. Mobitz type 1 (wenkebach)

2. Mobitz type 2

61
Q

Mobitz Type 1 (wenkebach)

A

2nd Degree AV block

- Progressively lengthening PR intervals until 1 QRS complex fails

62
Q

Mobitz Type 2

A

2nd Degree AV block

- NO change in PR intervals but still a sudden QRS complex fail

63
Q

3rd degree AV block

A

NO atrial impulses conduct to the ventricles

= Atria and ventricles are depolarizing completely INDEPENDENT of each other!

64
Q

Do PR intervals lengthen with Mobitz Type 2, second degree AV block?

A

NO

65
Q

Do PR intervals lengthen with Mobitz Type 1, second degree AV block?

A

YES

CPR (48 decks)

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