Lung Capacities

Question 1

Tidal Volume

Answer 1

Amount of air inspired/expired in a single breath

Question 2

What is a normal resting Tidal Volume?

Answer 2

500 mL

Question 3

Residual Volume

Answer 3

Volume of air that CANNOT be forced out

Question 4

What volumes cannot be determined by spirometry?

Answer 4

Any that include the Residual Volume

Question 5

Getting the wind knocked out of you forces you into what volume?

Answer 5

Residual Volume

Question 6

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 6

Additional volume that can be INHALED greater than the Tidal Volume

Question 7

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 7

Additional volume that can be EXHALED greater than the Tidal Volume

Question 8

Does the Expiratory Reserve Volume include the Residual Volume?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

What does the Expiratory Reserve Volume require?

Answer 9

Expiratory muscle activation

Question 10

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 10

Maximal volume that the lungs can be expanded

= Residual volume + Expiratory Reserve + Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve

Question 11

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 11

Amount of air that remains in the lungs following a normal expiration
= Residual Volume + Expiratory Reserve

Question 12

What volume helps prevent collapse of lungs, reduces workload and dilutes inhaled toxic gases?

Answer 12

Functional Residual Capacity

Question 13

Vital Capacity

Answer 13

Amount of air that can be maximally inspired following a maximal expiration
= Expiratory Reserve + Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve

Question 14

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 14

Amount of air that can be maximally inspired following a normal exhale
= Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve

Question 15

Which lung volumes are largely impacted by disease?

Answer 15

Total Lung Capacity and Vital Capacity

Question 16

As you age, what happens to Total Lung Capacity

Answer 16

Does NOT change

Question 17

As you age, Residual volume INCREASES. What does this do to the Vital Capacity?

Answer 17

DECREASES

Question 18

Total Lung Capacity and Vital Capacity are greater when seated or supine?

Answer 18

Seated

Question 19

Residual volume is greater when seated or supine?

Answer 19

EQUAL

Question 20

With obesity, what happens to Total Lung Capacity and Vital Capacity?

Answer 20

DECREASE

Question 21

With obesity, what happens to Residual Volume?

Answer 21

Does NOT change

Question 22

With Emphysema, it is harder to push air ____

Answer 22

Out - Residual volume Increased

Question 23

With Fibrosis, it is harder to pull air ____

Answer 23

In - Total lung capacity, residual volume, vital capacity all Decreased

Question 24

What are the 3 ways to measure Residual Volume?

Answer 24

1. Helium Dilution
2. Body Plethysmography
3. Nitrogen - washout Technique

Question 25

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

Answer 25

Patient inhales as deeply as they can and then exhales for as long and as forcefully as possible

Question 26

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)

Answer 26

Amount of air exhaled during 1st second of the FVC maneuver

Question 27

What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio?

Answer 27

80%

Question 28

Diffusing Capacity

Answer 28

Assesses the body’s ability to take up gas

Question 29

If the FEV1/FVC ratio is lower than the limit of normal, what does that indicate?

Answer 29

Obstructive disease

Question 30

If the FEV1/FVC ratio is NOT lower than the limit of normal, what does that indicate?

Answer 30

Normal or Restrictive disease

Question 31

3 steps to determining obstructive vs. restrictive patterns

Answer 31

1. Determine age, height, sex, demographics to establish normal values
2. Verify that tests are valid - repeat 3 times
3. Administration of a bronchodilator to relax airways

Question 32

FVC and FEV1 are used with what tests?

Answer 32

Pulmonary Function Testing