The Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the Respiratory System?
- Provides large area for gas exchange
- Moves air to and from tissues -> lungs
- Protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temp changes, and provides nonspecific defenses (Ex: mucous membranes, ciliary escalator)
- Produces sound-permitting speech
- Provide olfactory sensations to CNS for sense of smell
What is the equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
6 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Know the pathway of airflow through the respiratory system. Know which is part of the URT/Conducting Zone and the LRT/Respiratory Zone
Nose -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi (L + R) -> bronchioles -> alveolar duct -> alveoli/alveolar sac
Compare the function of the URT and the LRT
FXN URT: Conduct air into lungs
FXN LRT: Gas exchange
What is the specific name of the epithelial cells that line the respiratory tract?
Ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelial cells
What is the function of ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelial cells that are found in the lining of the respiratory tract?
traps dust/particles/pathogens in mucus and sweeps out of body via ciliary escalator
T/F: The alveolus is three cells thick
False, alveolus is one cell thick
T/F: Capillaries are three cells thick of endothelial cells
False, capillaries are one cell thick
Alveolus is one cell thick of __________ epithelial cells
squamous
What is the purpose of the thinness of alveolus and capillaries?
SO GAS CAN DIFFUSE EASILY
What is the function of alveolar macrophages?
phagocytize dust/debris/pathogens that have reached alveolar surface
What is the function of surfactant cells?
product oily substance (surfactant, lipid) that prevents alveoli from sticking together during exhalation (reduce friction)
Compare the Left Lung from the Right Lung. How many lobes does each have? Which one is smaller and why?
Left lung - 2 lobes - smaller than right lung (bc heart takes up more space)
Right lung - 3 lobes - larger than left lung
R and L lungs occupy the _____ cavity
pleural
What is the function of pleura fluid within the pleural cavity?
provides lubrication and reduces friction when breathing
Air will always move from ______ pressure to _______ pressure
high pressure -> low pressure
Describe what happen to the pressure within the throacic cavity when the diaphragm contracts? What about if it relaxes?
- If diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and rib cage contracts to increase volume, which decreases pressure in thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow INSIDE the lungs
- If diaphragm relaxes, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and rib cage relaxes to decrease volume, which increases the pressure in thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow OUT the lungs
Define: Tidal Volume
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during single respiratory cycle
Define: Expiratory Reserve Volume
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
the amount of air that could be voluntarily expelled beyond the tidal volume
Define: Inspiratory Reserve Volume
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
the amount of air that can be taken in above the tidal volume
Define: Vital Capactiy
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
Max amount of air that can be moved into and out respiratory cycle (so it is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume and tidal volume (IRV + ERV + TV))
Define: Residual Volume
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
air remaining in passageways after expiratory reserve volume has been exhausted
Define: Total Lung Capacity
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
total volume the lungs can hold: vital capacity + residual volume
Define: Functional Residual Capacity
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
ERV + RV
Define: Inspiratory Capacity
(Be able to identify this on a graph)
TV + IRV
O2 binds to _____ in RBC
Hb (hemoglobin)
What are the 3 ways in which CO2 is transported? Know which method is used the most/least.
Plasma Transport - small %
Hemoglobin Binding - medium %
Carbonic Acid Formation - large %
What is the equation in regards to the bicarbonate buffer system in blood
CO2 + H20 ⇌ H2CO3 (carbonic acid) ⇌ HCO3- (bicarbonate) + H+
What happens to the pH of blood if you are holding your breath
Holding breath = ⬆Co2 = ⬆H+ = ⬇pH (acidic)
What happens to the pH of blood if you are hyperventilating
Hyperventilating = ⬇CO2 = ⬇ H+ = ⬆pH (basic)
