Drawing Logical Conclusions

Question 1

What are three ways you can increase support/trust in the results of a conclusion

Answer 1

• Repeat trial/experiments (at least 3x)
• Use a large sample size
• Eliminate bias

Question 2

Name the two types of biases

Answer 2

• Intentional bias (ex: scientist paid by company to do research)
• Unintentional bias (ex: researched are measuring effects of drugs by asking subjects questions about how they feel; researcher may interpret questions differently from the control/experimental group

Question 3

How can you eliminate unintentional bias?

Answer 3

• use double-blind experiments: neither researcher or the test subjects know what group they are
• use placebos

Question 4

T/F: Cause and effect are always explicit

Answer 4

• False, because a single cause can have many effects/ single effect can have multiple causes. This means cause and effect are NOT always explicit

Question 5

Compare causation vs. correlation

Answer 5

• Causation
  -> Change in one variable causes a change in another variable
• Correlation
  -> There is a statistical association between the two variables, but it does not mean one causes the other

Question 6

An irresponsible person goes to the bar. They drink too much. They drive their car, and then they get into an accident. Which term best describes the relation between the person going to the bar and the person crashing their car?

• Direct clause
• Positive correlation
• Negative correlation
• Indirect clause

Answer 6

indirect clause

Question 7

Which term describes the order in which events occur in time?

• Process
• Causality
• Temporal sequence
• Numerical sequence

Answer 7

temporal sequence