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TEAS7 > A&P: The Urinary System > Flashcards

A&P: The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of the urinary system?

A
  • filter blood
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2
Q

What are 4 functions of the urinary system?

A
  • Remove organic waste products
    -> ex: urea
  • Regulate BV & BP
  • Regulate plasma concentrations of ions (NA+, K+, Cl-)
  • Help stabilize blood pH by control loss of H+ and bicarb (HCO3-)
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3
Q

Name the structures that urine passes through once it leaves the kidney

A

Kidney -> ureters -> urinary bladder -> urethra

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4
Q

Kidneys are _______, which are organs located behind the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

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5
Q

What is the kidney surrounded by? and what specific type of tissue cushions the kidneys?

A
  • surrounded by dense, fibrous renal capsule
  • cushioned with adipose tissue
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6
Q

What is the indentation on the kidney that acts as the point of entry for the renal artery and renal nerve, and exit for the renal vein and ureter?

A

Hilus

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7
Q

Name the 2 sections of the kidney. Know which ones are outer/inner.

A
  • Renal Cortex (outer)
  • Renal Medulla (inner)
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8
Q

What part of the kidney would you find renal pyramids and columns?

A

Renal Medulla

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9
Q

What is stored in the renal pyramids and columns?

A
  • Renal Pyramids
    -> Nephrons
  • Renal Columns
    -> BV
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10
Q

Describe the pathway of filtrate through the nephron, starting from the afferent arteriole

A

Afferent arteriole -> glomerulues (renap corpuscle) -> Bowmans Capsule (renal corpsule) -> PCT -> LH -> DCT -> CD -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

  • Afferent arteriole: brings blood to glomerulus
  • Efferent arteriole: blood leaves glomerulus and goes to peritubular capillaries
    -> Peritubular capillaries: surround PCT and DCT to allow substances to be secreted/reabsorbed
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11
Q

What is the name of the BV that substances can be reabsorbed into as it moves through the nephron?

A

Peritubular Capillaries/Vasa Recta

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12
Q

What does filtration exclusively occur?

A

Renal Corpuscle (Glomerulus and Glomerular/Bowmans Capsule)

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13
Q

What part of the nephron does nutrient reabsorption primarily occur?

A

PCT

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14
Q

What part of the nephron does secretion primarily occur?

A

PCT & DCT

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15
Q

What is the main functions of LH and CD?

A

Regulate water and Na+/K+ ions lost in urine

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16
Q

Blood that is NOT filtered out into the glomerulus capsule, will move through what structure?

A
  • efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries
17
Q

What are the two parts to the renal corpuscle

A
  • Glomerulus (Capillary)
  • Glomerular Capsule (Bowman Capsule)
18
Q

What type of substances are filtered out at the glomerular capsule/bowmans capsule?

A
  • Urea
  • Glucose
  • Water
  • FA
  • Ions
  • AA
19
Q

T/F: The secretion of ADH will NOT cause thirst

A

False, ADH causees water to reabsorbed back into BV because your BP/BV is low. This means that you will get thirsty.

20
Q

What substances are reabsorbed at the PCT?

A
  • H2O
  • Ions (K+, NaCl-, HCO3)
  • Organic nutrients (ex: Glucose)
21
Q

What substances are reabsorbed AND secreted at the DCT?

A
  • Reabsorbed
    -> Water
    -> Na+ (from NaCl)
    -> HCO3-
  • Secretion
    -> Ions
    -> K+, H+ (acids)
22
Q

What substances are reabsorbed at the LH?

A

All move into ascending VR:
- H2O
- Na+
- Cl- (ions)

23
Q

What are 3 metabolic waste products that get excreted in urine? Know where they originated from

A
  • Urea: originated from AA (containing N) that got broken down into ammonia (toxic)
  • Creatine: made from SkM tissue from creatine phosphate
  • Uric acid: from breakdown and recycle of nucleic acids (purines)
24
Q

How does the RAAS system function and its effects on ADH?

A
  • Low BP/BV stimulates JGA
  • JGA (Juxtaglomerular apparatus) releases renin (enzyme) from kidney/nephron
  • Renin converts inactive angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I
  • Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II via ACE (enzyme made in lung)
  • Angiotensin II promotes vasoconstriction and releases aldosterone and ADH
    -> Aldosterone is released from the adrenal gland
    –> Stimulates increase Na+ reabsorption (+ secretes K+)
    —> Na+ reabsorption causes H2O to also be reabsorbed
    —->BV increases, so BP also increases
  • ADH is released from posterior pituitary
    -> Increases water permeability at DCT and CD
    –> Increases H2O reabsorption
    —> BV increases so BP also increases
25
Q

What is the stimulus for the RAAS system to “turn on”?

A

Low BP/BV stimulates JGA

26
Q

What system does the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) oppose?

A

Opposes action of RAAS

27
Q

What cells release ANP? What causes ANP to be released?

A
  • Cardiac muscle cells
  • Released when BV/BP is too high
28
Q

What 3 things does ANP do?

A
  • Decrease rate of Na+ reabsorption in DCT
    -> If Na+ stays in DCT, water will also stay in the DCT, so it will be urinated out. This will concentrate the blood (bc low H2O), causing decrease in BV -> decrease BP
  • Dilates of glomeruluar capillaries
  • Inhibits Renin, Aldosterone, and ADH secretion
29
Q

Another name for ADH is ______

A

Vasopressin

30
Q

Know what is secreted/reabsorbed at different parts of the nephron

A

check physio slides lol

31
Q

What substances are filtered out at the Renal Corpuscle

A
  • Urea
  • Glucose
  • H2O
  • Ions
  • FA
  • AA

TEAS7 (48 decks)

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