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TEAS7 > A&P: Cardiovascular System - Heart > Flashcards

A&P: Cardiovascular System - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Name the serous membrane that surrounds the heart and lines the pericardial cavity

A

pericardium

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2
Q

A thin sac encloses the heart to protect it from contact with the chest wall and other structures within the chest. What is this sac called?

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

This is the a serous membrane that covers the heart organ, but more specifically is the visceral layer of the pericardium

A

epicardium

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4
Q

This is the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall

A

myocardium

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5
Q

This is the inner lining of the heart

A

endocardium

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6
Q

The heart lies in the __________ cavity

A

pericardial

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7
Q

This part of th pericardium lines the inner surface of pericardial sac (of the pericardial cavity)

A

parietal pericardium

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8
Q

Be able to follow the blood flow of the heart and know what type of blood is found here.

A

check answer on A&P notes on doc on page 22

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9
Q

Be able to label the diagram of the heart. Include other names for valves, if possible.

A

check answer on notes

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10
Q

Where does blood flow after leaving the superior and inferior vena cava

A

right atrium

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11
Q

These types of vessles carry blood AWAY from heart

A

arteries (efferent vessels)

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12
Q

These types of vessels carry blood TOWARD the heart

A

veins (afferent vessels)

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13
Q

These are thin-walled vessels between the smallest arteries/veins

A

capillaries

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14
Q

Why is it important for capillaries to be thin?

A

for gas exchange

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15
Q

What is another name(s) for the bicuspid valve?

A

mitral valve
left atrioventricular valve

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16
Q

Where do pulmonary arteries deliver blood?

A

lungs

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17
Q

Which vessel takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

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18
Q

Which vessel does blood enter after leaving the left ventricle?

A

aorta

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19
Q

Where does blood flow after leaving the aorta?

A

out to body tissue

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20
Q

Which major vessels bring blood back to the right atrium?

A

superior and inferior vena cavae

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21
Q

Which chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle

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22
Q

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

23
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery contain?

A

deoxygenated blood

24
Q

Do the vena cavae contain deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated

25
Q

What is the name of the valve that lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

A

pulmonary valve/pulmonary semilunar valve

26
Q

What is the name of the valve that lies between the left ventricle and aorta ?

A

aortic valve/aortic semilunar valve

27
Q

________ circulation supplies blood to the muscles of the heart

A

coronary

28
Q

What is the function of coronary arteries?

A

coronary arteries branch off of the aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the heart

29
Q

What is defined as a series of events that make up a complete heart beat

A

cardiac cycle

30
Q

Compare systolic pressure from diastole pressure

A

Systolic Pressure: pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular systole (contraction)

Diastolic pressure: pressure remaining within the arteries during ventricular diastole (relaxation)

31
Q

The heatbeat sounds like the “Lubb-dupp.” What is happening during the lubb sound?

A

Lubb sound = ventricular systle (AV valves close)

32
Q

The heatbeat sounds like the “Lubb-dupp.” What is happening during the dupp sound?

A

Dupp = ventricular diastole (seminlinar valves closing)

Seminlunar valves = pulmonary/aortic valves

33
Q

What is known as the pacemaker of the heart? Where is it located?

A

SA node located in the right atrium

34
Q

What is the sequence in which an impulse travels in the cardiac conduction system?

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. AV bundle (Bundle of His)
  4. Bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
35
Q

Know what happens during the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave of an EKG

A
  • P wave = depolarization of atria (will lead to atrial contraction)
  • QRS complex = ventricles depolarize (will lead to ventricle contraction)
  • T wave = ventricle repolarization
36
Q

Why dont you see atrial repolarization on an EKG?

A

Atrial repolarization occurs while ventricles are depolarizing, so they are masked by the large QRS complex

37
Q

What condition is defined as having a fast heart rate

A

tachycardia

38
Q

What condition is defined as having a slow heart rate

A

brachycardia

39
Q

Name and describe the three layers of the arterial wal

A

Tunica externa: sheat of connective tissue surrounding the vessel

Tunica media: middle layer of smooth muscle

Tunica interna (intima): innermost that include endothelium

40
Q

Describe this vessel type: Elastic Arteries

Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function, and Examples

A

Size of Vessel

  • Largest arteries

Size/Structure of Vessel Wall

  • Thicker walls that contain lots of elastic fibers in the tunica media

Function

  • Stretch when blood is forced out of the heart
  • Recoil under low pressure

Examples:

  • Aorta
41
Q

Describe this vessel type: Muscular Arteries

Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function, and Examples

A

Size of Vessel

  • Medium-sized arteries

Size/Structure of Vessel Wall

  • Tunica media with more smooth muscle, but less elastic fibers

Function

  • Regulate blood flow via vasoconstriction/vasodilation

Examples:

  • Arteries that branch off the elastic arteries
42
Q

Describe this vessel type: Arterioles

Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function

A

Size of Vessel

  • Small arteries (that lead to capillary beds)

Size/Structure of Vessel Wall

  • Thin tunica media with mostly smooth muscle

Function

  • Control blood flow to capillaries
  • Primary vessels inv with vasoconstriction/vasodilation

Examples:

  • x
43
Q

Describe this vessel type: Venules

Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function

A

Size of Vessel

  • Small veins (that exit capillary beds)

Size/Structure of Vessel Wall

  • Thin, porous walls with few muscle cells/fibers

Function

  • Empty blood into larger veins

Examples:

  • x
44
Q

Describe this vessel type: Veins

Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function

A

Size of Vessel

  • Large veins

Size/Structure of Vessel Wall

  • Thin tunica media and tunica internal, but wide lumens

Function

  • Carry blood back to the heart
  • Have valves prevent backflow of blood

Examples:

  • x
45
Q

_________ ____________ ________ pushes the blood through the veins and pressure during respiration

A

skeletal muscle movement

46
Q

Define: Stroke volume

A

volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat

47
Q

Define: Cardiac Output

A

amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute

48
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO (mL/min) = SV (mL) x HR (bpm)

49
Q

List 3 factors that control cardiac output

A
  • Blood volume
  • Autonomic innervation that regulates HR
  • Hormones
50
Q

Define: Periperial Resistance

A

resistance of the vessels to the flow of blood as a result of friction

51
Q

Which blood vessel is under the highest pressure and has the largest diameter?

A

aorta

52
Q

Which blood vessels associated with the heart are under the lowest blood pressure?

A

Superior and Inferior venae cavae

53
Q

Define: Blood volume

A

the sum of the formed elements and plasma volume in the vascular system

54
Q

A myocardial infarction affect what blood vessels?

A

Coronary artery

TEAS7 (48 decks)

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