A&P: Cardiovascular System - Heart Flashcards
Name the serous membrane that surrounds the heart and lines the pericardial cavity
pericardium
A thin sac encloses the heart to protect it from contact with the chest wall and other structures within the chest. What is this sac called?
Pericardium
This is the a serous membrane that covers the heart organ, but more specifically is the visceral layer of the pericardium
epicardium
This is the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall
myocardium
This is the inner lining of the heart
endocardium
The heart lies in the __________ cavity
pericardial
This part of th pericardium lines the inner surface of pericardial sac (of the pericardial cavity)
parietal pericardium
Be able to follow the blood flow of the heart and know what type of blood is found here.
check answer on A&P notes on doc on page 22
Be able to label the diagram of the heart. Include other names for valves, if possible.
check answer on notes
Where does blood flow after leaving the superior and inferior vena cava
right atrium
These types of vessles carry blood AWAY from heart
arteries (efferent vessels)
These types of vessels carry blood TOWARD the heart
veins (afferent vessels)
These are thin-walled vessels between the smallest arteries/veins
capillaries
Why is it important for capillaries to be thin?
for gas exchange
What is another name(s) for the bicuspid valve?
mitral valve
left atrioventricular valve
Where do pulmonary arteries deliver blood?
lungs
Which vessel takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
pulmonary vein
Which vessel does blood enter after leaving the left ventricle?
aorta
Where does blood flow after leaving the aorta?
out to body tissue
Which major vessels bring blood back to the right atrium?
superior and inferior vena cavae
Which chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?
Left atrium and left ventricle
What type of blood does the pulmonary artery contain?
deoxygenated blood
Do the vena cavae contain deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
deoxygenated
What is the name of the valve that lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
pulmonary valve/pulmonary semilunar valve
What is the name of the valve that lies between the left ventricle and aorta ?
aortic valve/aortic semilunar valve
________ circulation supplies blood to the muscles of the heart
coronary
What is the function of coronary arteries?
coronary arteries branch off of the aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the heart
What is defined as a series of events that make up a complete heart beat
cardiac cycle
Compare systolic pressure from diastole pressure
Systolic Pressure: pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular systole (contraction)
Diastolic pressure: pressure remaining within the arteries during ventricular diastole (relaxation)
The heatbeat sounds like the “Lubb-dupp.” What is happening during the lubb sound?
Lubb sound = ventricular systle (AV valves close)
The heatbeat sounds like the “Lubb-dupp.” What is happening during the dupp sound?
Dupp = ventricular diastole (seminlinar valves closing)
Seminlunar valves = pulmonary/aortic valves
What is known as the pacemaker of the heart? Where is it located?
SA node located in the right atrium
What is the sequence in which an impulse travels in the cardiac conduction system?
- SA node
- AV node
- AV bundle (Bundle of His)
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
Know what happens during the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave of an EKG
- P wave = depolarization of atria (will lead to atrial contraction)
- QRS complex = ventricles depolarize (will lead to ventricle contraction)
- T wave = ventricle repolarization
Why dont you see atrial repolarization on an EKG?
Atrial repolarization occurs while ventricles are depolarizing, so they are masked by the large QRS complex
What condition is defined as having a fast heart rate
tachycardia
What condition is defined as having a slow heart rate
brachycardia
Name and describe the three layers of the arterial wal
Tunica externa: sheat of connective tissue surrounding the vessel
Tunica media: middle layer of smooth muscle
Tunica interna (intima): innermost that include endothelium
Describe this vessel type: Elastic Arteries
Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function, and Examples
Size of Vessel
- Largest arteries
Size/Structure of Vessel Wall
- Thicker walls that contain lots of elastic fibers in the tunica media
Function
- Stretch when blood is forced out of the heart
- Recoil under low pressure
Examples:
- Aorta
Describe this vessel type: Muscular Arteries
Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function, and Examples
Size of Vessel
- Medium-sized arteries
Size/Structure of Vessel Wall
- Tunica media with more smooth muscle, but less elastic fibers
Function
- Regulate blood flow via vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Examples:
- Arteries that branch off the elastic arteries
Describe this vessel type: Arterioles
Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function
Size of Vessel
- Small arteries (that lead to capillary beds)
Size/Structure of Vessel Wall
- Thin tunica media with mostly smooth muscle
Function
- Control blood flow to capillaries
- Primary vessels inv with vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Examples:
- x
Describe this vessel type: Venules
Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function
Size of Vessel
- Small veins (that exit capillary beds)
Size/Structure of Vessel Wall
- Thin, porous walls with few muscle cells/fibers
Function
- Empty blood into larger veins
Examples:
- x
Describe this vessel type: Veins
Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function
Size of Vessel
- Large veins
Size/Structure of Vessel Wall
- Thin tunica media and tunica internal, but wide lumens
Function
- Carry blood back to the heart
- Have valves prevent backflow of blood
Examples:
- x
_________ ____________ ________ pushes the blood through the veins and pressure during respiration
skeletal muscle movement
Define: Stroke volume
volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat
Define: Cardiac Output
amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute
What is the equation for cardiac output?
CO (mL/min) = SV (mL) x HR (bpm)
List 3 factors that control cardiac output
- Blood volume
- Autonomic innervation that regulates HR
- Hormones
Define: Periperial Resistance
resistance of the vessels to the flow of blood as a result of friction
Which blood vessel is under the highest pressure and has the largest diameter?
aorta
Which blood vessels associated with the heart are under the lowest blood pressure?
Superior and Inferior venae cavae
Define: Blood volume
the sum of the formed elements and plasma volume in the vascular system
A myocardial infarction affect what blood vessels?
Coronary artery
