A&P: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the functions of the female reproductive system
- produce female sex cells
- transport egg cell for fertilization
- Provide environment for developing offspring
- move offspring to the outside
- Produce hormones.
-> LH & FSH
What are the functions of the ovaries?
- Production of female gametes
- Secretion of female sex hormones
-> Estrogen & Progesterone - Secretion of inhibin
->inv. in feedback control FSH from anterior pituitary
T/F: Oogenesis occurs all the time in female.
False, the ovaries are inactive during childhood and become active once a female hits puberty.
What causes primary follicles to become secondary follicles?
- rising FSH levels
What causes a primary oocyte to becomes a secondary oocyte?
- increase in LH levels
Which stage of meiosis does the secondary oocyte stop at?
- metaphase II
What organ leads an oocyte to the uterus?
- uterine tube
Know the layers of the uterus
- inner mucosal layer: endometrium
- muscular layer: myometrium
- outer serosal layer: perimetrium
What organ is a hollow, muscular organ that receives the embryo after the egg has been fertilized?
- uterus
What organ is a muscular tube that has acidic secretions?
- vagina
What is a menstrual cycle? What is Menarche? What is menopause?
- series of changes in the structure of the endometrium
- menarche: first menstrual period at puberty
- menopause: last menstrual cycle
Know the stages and what occurs in the menstrual cycle.
Include the day and include hormones
Menstrual Phase/Menstruation
- Day: 1-5
- If no implantation, ⬇Progesterone & ⬇Estrogen because Corpus Luteum “dies”
-> no implantation = no hCG release (by blastocyst) -> no maitenance of Corpus Luteum = ⬇Progesterone & ⬇Estrogen - Degeneration/shedding of endometrium
Proliferative/Follicular Phase
- Day 1-14
- Follicles develop and Oogenisis occurs (within follicles)
- ⬆FSH = 1° Follicle -> 2° Follicle = developing follicles release Estrogen = ⬆Estrogen = thickening of endometrium (by multiplication of epithelial cells)
- ⬆LH = 2° Follicle -> 3° Follicle AND 1° oocyte -> 2° oocyte
Ovulation
- Day 14
- Surge in LH causes ovulation (3° follicle releases ovum (2° oocyte paused at Metaphase II) into uterine tube
Secretory/Luteal Phase
- Day 15-28
- Corpus Luteum secretes Progesterone and Estroen which thicken/support endometrium for implantation
- If NO implantation -> Corpus Luteum degenerates into Corpus Albicans after ~12 days
What structure encloses the external reproductive organs?
- labia majora
What structure are flattened longitudinal folds b/w labia major?
- labia minora
What structure is a small projection that corresponds to penis in males?
- clitoris
What is the function of mammary glands?
- specialized to secrete milk after pregnancy.
What structure do all irregular lobes drain into to reach the nipple?
- lactiferous duct
What is a mass within the ovary that secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy
corpus luteum
What is the name of the degenerated corpus luteum?
corpus albicans
The inner surface of the uterine tubes are lined with _____ cells that push the egg, along with __________ conractions
cilitated
peristaltic
The corpus luteum begins to degenerate about ____ days after ovulation
12
Before birth, the oogonium develops into the primary oocyte. What stage is it paused at until puberty?
Prophase I of Meiosis
Explain Oogenesis
BEFORE BIRTH:
- Oognium (2n) undergoes Mitosis into a Primary Oocyte (2n)
- Primary Oocyte is PAUSED at the end of Prophase I of Meiosis until puberty
Childhood:
- Ovaries are inactive
After puberty:
- Primary Oocyte (2n) finished Meiosis I, resulting in One polar body (dies) and One Secondary Oocyte (1n)
- Secondary Oocyte (1n) is paused at Metaphase II of Meiosis and is released from the ovary during Ovulation
- IF FERTILIZED, Meiosis II will finish, resulting in One Secondary Polar Body (dies) and a Zygote (2n)
