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TEAS7 > A&P: Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

A&P: Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lymphatic system consists of (3)?

A

lymph vessles
lymphatic organs
lymph fluid

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Returns fluid/solutes from peripheral tissue to blood
  • Production, maintenance, distribution of lymphocytes
  • Absorption of fatty acids from small intestine to circulatory system
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3
Q

What is responsible for tranporting lymph and return of lymph into the blood stream?

A

lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

Define: Lymph

A

fluid found in lymphatic vessels (composed similarly to plasma, but with fewer proteins)

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5
Q

Describe:Lymphoid Organs

A

organs connecte to lymphatic vessels and contain large numebrs of lymphocytes

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6
Q

Define: Lymphatic Trunk

A

large lymph vessel formed by the merging of smaller lymph vessles (and will transport lymph toward lymphatic ducts)

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7
Q

Is the lymphatic system a closed or open system?

A

open system, since the vessels do not form a full circulating system and are not pressurized by the heart

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8
Q

Name two lymphatic ducts

A

thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct

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9
Q

Be able to label major parts of the lymphatic system (Refer to A&P Lymphatic notes)

A

Refer to A&P Lymphatic notes

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10
Q

Where does lymph enter the venous system?

A

R and L subclavian veins

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11
Q

What promotes lymph flow?

A
  • skeltal muscle movement
  • contraction of smooth muscle in walls of larger lymphatic trunks
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12
Q

How does lymph form?

A

plasma leaks out of capillaries and into tissue space (interstitial space). most of this fluid returns back to the bloodstrem, but the fluid that remains in the space will enter lymph capillaries. once the fluid is in the lymph system, it is now called lymph

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13
Q

What is the functional unit of lymph node?

A

lymph nodule (ex: tonsils)

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14
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

small, oval organs that filter and purify the lymph before it reaches the venous system

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15
Q

Where does T cell and B cell MATURATION occur?

A

T cell: Thymus
B cell: Red bone marrow

HOWEVER, BOTH ARE PRODUCED IN THE RED BONE MARROW

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16
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A
  • filters blood by removing abnormal blood cells/components
  • initiates immune response by B and T cells

DOES NOT FILTER LYMPH

17
Q

Compare Innate Immunity from Adaptive Immunity. Give examples of mechanisms within each immunity.

A

Innate (Non-Specific) Immunity
- Present at birth
- Attack ALL threats
-> Ex: Physical Barriers, NK cells, Fever, Inflammation, Phagocytosis, Antimicrobial Substances (CP, IFNs)

Adaptive (Specific) Immunity

  • Attack SPECIFIC threat
    -> Ex: Humoral Immunity (B cell -> Plasma cell -> Ab), CMI (T cell)
18
Q

Species resistance relates to innate immunity. Explain how.

A

animals can be resistant to certain diseases because their cells do NOT have the correct receptors for the pathgogen to either enter the body or cause infection.

19
Q

Explain how physical barries fxn in innate immunity

A

Skin and mucous membranes block entrance of pathogens into the body

20
Q

Explain how Interferons (IFNs) fxn in innate immunity

A

IFNS are released by cells that have been infected by an animal virus and signal to uninfected neighboring cells to make AVPs to stop replication of virus

21
Q

What do NK cells do?

A

release cytolytic chemicals that destorys virus and cancer cells

22
Q

Name 2 lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity

A

T and B cells

23
Q

Where are B and T cells PRODUCED?

A

bone marrow

24
Q

In regards to adaptive immunity, name 3 different types of T cells and include their function

A
  • Cytotoxic T cells (Killer T cells): inv in CMI and directly kill infected cells
  • Helper T cells: Active Tc cells (CMI) and activate Memory B cell to produce Ab (Humoral Immunity)
  • Memory T cells: faster/stronger immune response during 2nd encounter with SAME Ag
25
Q

In regards to adaptive immunity, name 2 “types” of B cells and include their function

A

Memory B cells: Remember Ag for future exposure
Plasma cells: Produce Ab (immunoglobulin) that recognize Ag

26
Q

Name the 4 different ways of acquiring adaptive immunity and describe each

A

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

  • Ab production from exposure to Ag
  • Ex: exposure to flu virus

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

  • Ab passed transplacentally/breast milk

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

  • Ab production via vaccination

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

  • Injection of Ab
  • Ex: rabies, snake anti-venom
27
Q

Describe the differentation of B cells (What do they become when activated?)

A

B cell -> Memory B cell OR Plasma cell -> Ab

*Plasma cell is reponsible for the production of Ab

28
Q

What is another name for Antibody (Ab)?

A

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

29
Q

Describe the structure, classes, and general function of antibodies

A

Structure

  • Quarternary protein structure
  • Y shaped
  • 2 identical light and 2 identical heavy changes

Classes of Ig/Ab

  • IgG (most abundant in serum)
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgD
  • IgE (least abundant in serum)

Function

  • Neutralization
  • Agglutination
  • Activation of Compliment and Cytotoxic T cells
  • Enhance phagocytosis
  • Promote inflammation
30
Q

Describe this immunoglobulin: IgG

Include: Location, FXN

A

Location

  • Blood plasma
  • Tissue fluid

Function

  • Activates of Compliment System to enhance phagocytosis
  • Neutralizes bacteria, viruses, toxins

Most abundant in the serum

31
Q

Describe this immunoglobulin: IgA

Include: Location, FXN

A

Location

  • Secretions from exocrine glands (tears, saliva, breast milk)

Function

  • Neutralize bacteria and viruses
32
Q

Describe this immunoglobulin: IgM

Include: Location, FXN

A

Location

  • Blood plasma

Function

  • Activates Complement System (Primary response to infection; firest to be made)
  • Reacts with antigens in mismatched blood transfusions (agglutination)

Largest immunoglobulin

33
Q

Describe this immunoglobulin: IgD

Include: Location, FXN

A

Location

  • Surface of most B cells

Function

  • Activates B cells
34
Q

Describe this immunoglobulin: IgE

Include: Location, FXN

A

Location

  • Secretions from exocrine glands

Function

  • Promote inflammation
  • Inv in allergic reactions (causes release of histamines from mast cells = allergies)

least abundant in serum

TEAS7 (48 decks)

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