Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TEAS7 > A&P: Integumentary System > Flashcards

A&P: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What organ and structures make up the integumentary system?

A
  • Skin
  • Accessory Structures: hair, nails, glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two layers of the skin/cutaneous membrane?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • (subcutaneous/hypodermis is talked about in integumentary system, but it is NOT a part of the skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: The epidermis has a blood supply in which nutrients diffuse from to the dermis

A

FALSE, the epidermis does NOT have a blood supply, so nutrients will diffuse FROM the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the name of the layer below the dermis that contains fat?

A

hypodermis (subcutanous layer)

not techincally part of skin organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 6 functions of the integumentary system

A

PETSSS

  • Protection (from environment)
  • Excretion of toxins (water, salt, urea)
  • Thermoregulation (maintain temp)
  • Synthesis vitamin D
  • Sensory Reception
  • Secretion of Sebum, sweat, cerumen (ear wax), milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: The epidermis is vascular

A

False, the epidermis is avascular, while the dermis and hypodermis are vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 2 ways the integumentary system regulates body temperature

A
  • Sweating (decrease body temp)
  • BV at skin surface can dilate and come to surface to give off heat (decrease body temp), or constrict to retain heat (increase body temp)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define keritinization

A

process by which cells produce keratin, causing them to harden and become waterproof (->-> will eventually form the stratum corneum)

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

produce dark pigment, melanin

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the fxn of melanin?

A

protect skin by absorbing UV rays from the sun

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Be able to label the layers of the skin

A

refer to Integumentary notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Be able to label the layers of the epidermis.

A

refer to Integumentary notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contain melanocytes?

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What explains why cells begin to die as you move superficially through the epidermis?

A

The dermis is vascular and its blood supply nourishes the stratum basale of the epidermis well. However, as you move superficially, the nutrient supply becomes poor, which causes those cells to die.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What explains how cells become tightly packed together as you move superficially through the epidermis?

A

As cells become older (via keratinization), their cell membranes thicken to create desmosomes (junctions b/w cells that hold them together), which makes them tightly compact and connected to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the Epidermis
(Include: Tissue + Cell Type, Layers (Top -> Bottom-most) and include information about each layer: Characteristic of the cells/layers, etc))

A

Tissue/Cell Type:

  • Epithelial Tissue
    -> Stratified Squamous

Layers (T -> B): Come, Let’s Get Sun Burnt

  • Stratum Corneum
    -> Large amounts of keratin
    -> Many layers of flat/dead cells
  • Stratum Lucidum (ONLY IN THICK SKIN)
    -> Flat, dead cells
  • Stratum Granulosum
    -> Few slightly flattened cells
    -> Keratinocytes begin making keratin
  • Stratum Spinosum
    -> Several layers of cells connected by desmosomes
  • Stratum Basale
    -> Single layer of cells attached to BM
    -> Form epidermal ridges
    -> Contain melanocytes (cytoplasmic extensions reach into upper layers to deliver melanin)
    -> Keratinocytes produced via mitosis -> move up layer by layer
17
Q

Be able to label structures within the dermis through a diagram

A

refer to Integumenary notes

18
Q

T/F: The dermis contains capillaries and nerves

A

True

19
Q

What is an exocrine gland? Include examples

A

a gland that releases secretion into a duct or to the surface of the body (ex: sweat and sebaceous glands)

20
Q

Describe the Dermis
(Include: Tissue + Cell Type, Accessory Structures (include fxn))

A

Tissue/Cell Type:

Superficial Dermis:

  • Loose CT
    -> Collagen Fibers
    -> Elastic Fibers

Deep Dermis (these extend into hypodermal layers)

  • Irregular CT
    -> Collagen Fibers
    -> Muscle Fibers (hair/glands)

Accessory Structures:

  • Hair Follicles
  • Sweat glands/Sudoriferious glands (Exocrine glands)
    -> Apocrine: secrete product into hair follices of armpits, nipples, groin
    -> Merocine/Eccrine: numerous + widely distributed; secrete perspiration -> cool surf of skin
  • Sebaceous gland (Exocrine gland)
    -> Produce sebum (way oil): lubricate hair and decrease pH -> inhibit bacteria
  • Arrector pili muscle (elevates hair)
    -> Squeezes sebaceous gland
21
Q

What is the function of the nail root?

A

produces the nail

22
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

portion of the stratum corneum of the nail root folds/extends over the expose nail nearest to the root

23
Q

What is known as the body of the nail and the nail plate overlies it?

A

nail bed

24
Q

Underlying ______ _______ give the nails its color, but where they are obscured is the pale crescent called the __________

A

blood vessels

lunula

25
Q

What happens if the skin has a very shallow cut?

A

epithelial cells along the margins will be stimulated to divide rapidly to fill in the gaps

26
Q

What happens if a cut penetrates the dermis (and maybe hypodermis)?

A

1) Blood vessels will break and blood clots containing fibrin will form
2) Blood clot and dried fluids forms a scab, and epithelial cells below the scab will divide
3) Fibroblasts secrete collagen to bind to wounds edges
4) BV extend below the scab, and phagocytes will remove dead cells/pathogens. If deep, scar tissue will form

27
Q

Be able to label different parts to the nail

A

refer to Integumentary notes

28
Q

What layer of the skin is destroyed/damaged in a 1st degree burn? What sxs does it cause?

A
  • epidermis
  • causes redness, pain, minor swelling, NO BLISTERS
29
Q

What layer of the skin is destroyed/damaged in a 2nd degree burn? What sxs does it cause?

A
  • Some epidermis and some underlying dermis
  • Causes more intense redness, pain, swelling, and often blisters
30
Q

What layer of the skin is destroyed/damaged in a 3rd degree burn? What sxs does it cause?

A
  • Epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures of the skin
  • Causes swelling, and skin will appear yellow/brown, and leathery
31
Q

How does the healing process of a 2nd and 3rd degreen burn differ?

A

2nd degree:
- healing depends on stem cells associated with accessory strucutres
- Stem cells differentiate and daughter cells grow out onto the surface of the dermis and spread over it and differentiated into a new dermis

3rd degree
- healing ONLY occurs from epidermal cells on the edge of the burn
- can use autograft of epidermis from another part of body
- allograft from cadaver skin/skin substitutes used to cover burn while it heals

32
Q

A man has a defect in his tyrosinase enzymes, making him have albinism since tyrosinase controls melanin production. What layer of the epidermis is tyrosinase active in?

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
A

stratum basale

33
Q

What is excreted by sweat glands?

A

urea
water
salts

34
Q

Which layer of the skin contains glands and hair follicles?

A

dermis

TEAS7 (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions