Life Science: Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Q: What enzyme is used during transcription?
A: RNA Polymerase
Q: What is the function of RNA polymerase?
A. RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates a complementary mRNA strand.
Q: Explain Transcription.
A. Transcription occurs with the help of RNA polymerase, where DNA is read by RNA polymerase t build a complemetary mRNA strand. mRNA will then leave the nucleus via nuclear pore.
Q. What is the function of tRNA in Translation?
A. tRNA with a complementary anticodon binds to the codons on mRNA and deliver corresponding amino acids to create a peptide chain.
Q: Where does Transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
A: Nucleus
Q: Where does Translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
A: At a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Q: Explain Translation.
- Ribosome assembles on the mRNA at the start codon, AUG, which signifies the beginning of protein synthesis.
- Ribosome reads mRNA codons, each specifies an amino acid. tRNA with matching anticodons bring in corresponding amino acids. The ribosome continues the process creating a growing polypeptide chain.
- Translation termination occurs when a stop codon is reached on the mRNA. The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide chain once it reaches the end.
Q: What mutation has the most impactful effect on a DNA sequence?
A: Insertion or Deletion (bc it likely causes a frameshift, causing the rest of the code to be read incorrectly)
Q: Explain why Insertion or Deletion is so detrimental.
A: Both Insertion and Deletion disrupt the groupings of codons by causing a shift in nucleotides, which leads to different sequences of amino acids.
Q. What is a point mutation? What is the effect that a point mutation can have?
A point mutation occurs when one base of a codon is change. A point mutation can have varying effects depending on which base was changed.
Mutations can occur during ___ _________.
DNA Replication
What are examples of mutagens?
UV light
Chemicals
X-rays
What type of bonds form during translation when codon triplets are matched with the corresponding amino acid?
Peptide bonds
What is the anticodon found on a tRNA that would bind to the codon CAG?
GUC
Which is the first stage of transcription?
Initiation
What is the start codon in mRNA?
AUG
Given the following DNA sequence, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence that would be produced during transcription?
DNA sequence: 3’-TACGCCAAGCAT-5’
5’-AUGCGGUUCGUA-3’
