Life Science: Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Q: What enzyme is used during transcription?
A: RNA Polymerase
Q: What is the function of RNA polymerase?
A. RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates a complementary mRNA strand.
Q: Explain Transcription.
A. Transcription occurs with the help of RNA polymerase, where DNA is read by RNA polymerase t build a complemetary mRNA strand. mRNA will then leave the nucleus via nuclear pore.
Q. What is the function of tRNA in Translation?
A. tRNA with a complementary anticodon binds to the codons on mRNA and deliver corresponding amino acids to create a peptide chain.
Q: Where does Transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
A: Nucleus
Q: Where does Translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
A: At a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Q: Explain Translation.
- Ribosome assembles on the mRNA at the start codon, AUG, which signifies the beginning of protein synthesis.
- Ribosome reads mRNA codons, each specifies an amino acid. tRNA with matching anticodons bring in corresponding amino acids. The ribosome continues the process creating a growing polypeptide chain.
- Translation termination occurs when a stop codon is reached on the mRNA. The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide chain once it reaches the end.
Q: What mutation has the most impactful effect on a DNA sequence?
A: Insertion or Deletion (bc it likely causes a frameshift, causing the rest of the code to be read incorrectly)
Q: Explain why Insertion or Deletion is so detrimental.
A: Both Insertion and Deletion disrupt the groupings of codons by causing a shift in nucleotides, which leads to different sequences of amino acids.
Q. What is a point mutation? What is the effect that a point mutation can have?
A point mutation occurs when one base of a codon is change. A point mutation can have varying effects depending on which base was changed.
Mutations can occur during ___ _________.
DNA Replication
What are examples of mutagens?
UV light
Chemicals
X-rays
What type of bonds form during translation when codon triplets are matched with the corresponding amino acid?
Peptide bonds
What is the anticodon found on a tRNA that would bind to the codon CAG?
GUC
Which is the first stage of transcription?
Initiation
