A&P: Pregnancy & Human Development

Question 1

What is defined as the fusion of two haploid (1n) gametes to form a zygote (2n)?

Answer 1

Fertilizations

Question 2

Where and when does fertilization usually occur?

Answer 2

• first 1/3 of uterine tube within a day of ovulation

Question 3

Name the steps regarding development of an egg

Answer 3

1. Ovulation
2. Fertilization
3. Cleavage
4. Morula
5. Blastocysts

Question 4

When fertilization occurs, what is the specific name of the egg that the sperm fertilizes?

Answer 4

• Secondary oocyte

Question 5

After a zygote is formed (after fertilization), what is process immediately occurs right after?

Answer 5

• mitosis

Question 6

Where do blastocysts implant and get buried into?

Answer 6

• Endometrium and buried in uterine lining

Question 7

What cell appears on the outer layer of the blastocysts? What is the function?

Answer 7

• Trophoblasts
• Secretes human chronic gonadotropin

Question 8

What is defined as a vascular structure attached to embryo, which allows for diffusion of gasses, nutrients, and waste between blood of embryo and blood of mom?

Answer 8

• Placenta

Question 9

T/F: In regard to pregnancy, the moms and babys blood mixes so it can deliver and exchange gasses, nutrients, and waste products

Answer 9

False, blood between mom and baby does not mix

Question 10

When does development begin?

Answer 10

• begins at fertilization

Question 11

T/F: Because all cells have the same DNA code, all genes will be expressed.

Answer 11

• False, although all cells have the same DNA code, differentiation means different genes will be expressed. For example, in lung cells, genes for lung specific protein are activated, while other genes are turned off.

Question 12

Define cell differentiation

Answer 12

• process where cells become more specialized during development

Question 13

What type of development describes the evens that occur in the first 2 months of fertilization?

Answer 13

• Embryological development

Question 14

What does the embryo develop into after embryological development is finished/

Answer 14

• fetus

Question 15

As blastocysts develop, _ layers of cells will form. These three layers are called the, _______ , __________, _________

Answer 15

• three
• endoderm
• mesoderm
• ectoderm

Question 16

Name the three embryonic stem cells and list them in order from least differentiated to most differentiated

Answer 16

• Totipotent (omnipotent)
• Pluripotent
• Multipotent

Question 17

Mutations in which of the following types of cells can be inherited by offspring?
a. Endocrine
b. Neural
c. Muscle
d. Ovarian

Answer 17

D. ovarian
For a mutation to be inherited, it must be present in gametes (sex cells) or in the cell that produces gametes. From the options, the only cell involved in reproduction aer ovarian cells. Ovarian cells contain oocytes which can pass genetic information to offspring.