the human eye Flashcards

2.91

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1
Q

what is the cornea & its functions?

A
  • transparent lens
  • refracts light as it enters the eye
  • is also protective for the inner eye
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2
Q

what is the pupil?

A

a hole that allows light to enter the eye

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3
Q

what is the iris?

A
  • the coloured part of the eye
  • controls the pupil- therefore controls how much light enters the eye
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4
Q

what is the lens?

A
  • disc full of fluid
  • transparent- focuses light onto the back of the eye
  • can change shape depending on how close the object is
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5
Q

what is the lens full of?

A

fluid

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5
Q

what does the retina contain?

A

light receptor cells- rods & cones

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5
Q

what can cones do?

A

detect colour

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5
Q

what are rods sensitive to?

A

light intensity- can see how bright an object is

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6
Q

what is the optic nerve?

A

a sensory neurone carrying impulses between the eye and the brain

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7
Q

what is the lens controlled by?

A
  • ciliary muscles which can contract and release to change the shape of the lens
  • suspensory ligaments which connect the muscle to the lens
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8
Q

what is the eye?

A

a highly specialised sense organ containing receptor cells that allow us to detect the stimulus of light

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9
Q

what are the ciliary muscles?

A

a ring of muscle that contracts and relaxes to change the shape of the lens

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10
Q

what are the suspensory ligaments?

A

ligaments that connect the ciliary muscle to the lens

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11
Q

what is the sclera?

A

the strong outer wall of the eyeball that helps to keep the eye in shape and provides a place of attachment for the muscles that move the eye

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12
Q

what is the fovea?

A

a region of the retina where the eye sees particularly good detail as it has the highest density of cones

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13
Q

what is the aqueous humour?

A

the watery liquid between the cornea and the lens

14
Q

what is the vitreous humour?

A

the jelly-like liquid filling the eyeball

15
Q

what is the choroid?

A

a pigmented layer of tissue lining the inside of the sclera that prevents the reflection of light rays inside the eyeball

16
Q

what is accommodation?

A

how the lens brings about focusing of light to see

16
Q

where is the vitreous humour located?

A

at the back of the eye

16
Q

what is the blind spot?

A

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye- there are no receptor cells

16
Q

how can the lens’ shape change?

A

when the suspensory ligaments tighten or relax

16
Q

where is the aqueous humour located in the eye?

A

at the front of the eye

17
Q

where does accommodation happen?

A

at the back of the eye

18
Q

when an object is close?

A
  • ciliary muscles contract
  • suspensory ligaments loosen
  • stops the suspensory ligaments from pulling on the lens- allows the lens to become fatter
  • light is refracted more
19
Q

when an object is far away?

A
  • ciliary muscles relax
  • suspensory ligaments tighten
  • suspensory ligaments pull on the lens
  • light is refracted less
20
Q

what is the pupil reflex?

A

a reflex action carried out to protect the retina from damage

21
Q

pupil in dim light?

A
  • pupil dilates to allow as much light in as possible
  • radial muscles contract
  • circular muscles relax
22
Q

pupil in bright light?

A
  • pupil constricts to prevent too much light coming in and damaging the retina
  • radial muscles relax
  • circular muscles contract