random biology things

Question 1

respiration is the chemical reactions….

Answer 1

that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism

Question 2

excretion is the removal of organisms of toxic materials…..

Answer 2

the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

Question 3

do eukaryotic cells have organelles

Answer 3

yes- within their cytoplasm

Question 4

eukaryotic cells contain what organelles?

Answer 4

nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 5

what additional organelles do plant cells also contain

Answer 5

cell wall, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole

Question 6

animals and plants are single or multi celled

Answer 6

multi

Question 7

animals cells have what

Answer 7

cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 8

plant cells contain what

Answer 8

cell membrane, chloroplasts, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, a cell wall, ribosomes and a permanent vacuole

Question 9

animals and plant cells don’t have what in common

Answer 9

cell wall, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole

Question 10

5 kingdoms are what?

Answer 10

animals, plants, fungi, protoctista and prokaryotes

Question 11

what 4 kingdoms are eukaryotes?

Answer 11

animals, plants, fungi and protoctista

Question 12

what does eukaryotic mean?

Answer 12

cells that contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane

Question 13

prokaryotes are always?

Answer 13

single celled and don’t contain a nucleus

Question 14

in prokaryotes the nuclear material is found where?

Answer 14

found in the cytoplasm

Question 15

bacteria are what type of organism?

Answer 15

prokaryotic

Question 16

animals usually store carbohydrates as what?

Answer 16

glycogen

Question 17

what do plants store carbohydrates as?

Answer 17

starch or sucrose

Question 18

fungi are usually what type of cell and what are some exceptions?

Answer 18

usually muticellular but some are single- celled (yeast)

Question 19

what is the feeling process they undertake called?

Answer 19

saprotrophic nutrition

Question 20

how do fungi feed?

Answer 20

secreting extracellular digestive enzymes outside the mycelium onto the food( usually decaying organic matter) and then absorbing the digested molecules

Question 21

do protoctists have a nucleus?

Answer 21

yes and it has a distinct membrane

Question 22

what is bacteria’s cell wall made out of?

Answer 22

a peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 23

how is DNA stored in a bacterial cell?

Answer 23

circular strand of DNA

Question 24

what bacteria is used to produce yoghurt?

Answer 24

lactobacillus bulgaricus

Question 25

what bacteria can affect the alveoli leading to pneumonia?

Answer 25

pneumococcus

Question 26

what is a pathogen??

Answer 26

any microorganism that causes disease in another organism

Question 27

are viruses pathogenic?

Answer 27

yes, all viruses are pathogenic as they can only exist by living inside the living cells of other organisms

Question 28

what bacteria cause tuberculosis in humans?

Answer 28

M. tuberculosis

Question 29

why are viruses not considered to be alive?

Answer 29

viruses don’t carry out the 8 processes for themselves

Question 30

do viruses have a cellular structure?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

what do viruses have instead of a cellular structure?

Answer 31

a protein coat and they contain one type of nucleic acid- either DNA or RNA

Question 32

what does tobacco mosaic virus cause?

Answer 32

discolouring of leaves on tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts

Question 33

what is a symptom of TMV?

Answer 33

the plant will not grow as much due to the lack of photosynthesis- this reduces the yield of crops

Question 34

how is TMV spread?

Answer 34

plants in direct contact with an infected plant- the virus can stay in the soil for about 50 years

Question 35

what does HIV begin with?

Answer 35

a flu- like illness

Question 36

what can occur if HIV is not treated?

Answer 36

it can travel to the lymph nodes and attack cells of the immune system

Question 37

what happens if HIV is not treated?

Answer 37

it can stay hidden in the immune system for many years until the immune system is so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers( late-stage HIV, also known as AIDS)

Question 38

how is HIV spread?

Answer 38

direct sexual contact, the exchange of bodily fluids( drug users share needles)

Question 39

what type of influenza causes the most cause of flu globally?

Answer 39

influenza A