reproduction

Question 1

what is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from eachother

Question 2

what is reproduction?

Answer 2

the ability of living organisms to produce offspring

Question 3

what type of offspring does sexual reproduction make?

Answer 3

genetically varied

Question 4

when is sexual reproduction an advantage?

Answer 4

in a changing environment
when there is a threat of disease from pathogens

Question 5

what are the gametes in humans?

Answer 5

sperm and ovum

Question 6

what are the gametes in plants?

Answer 6

pollen nucleus and ovum

Question 7

how do gametes differ from normal cells?

Answer 7

they only contain half the number of chromosomes

Question 8

what type of nucleus do gametes have?

Answer 8

haploid nucleus

Question 9

how many chromosomes does a gamete contain?

Answer 9

23ho

Question 10

how many chromosomes does a normal body cell contain?

Answer 10

46

Question 11

what is formed when the male and female gametes fuse?

Answer 11

a zygote

Question 12

what is a zygote?

Answer 12

a fertilised egg cell

Question 13

what type of nucleus does a zygote have?

Answer 13

a diploid nucleus

Question 14

what 3 steps need to happen for a new plant to be produced by sexual reproduction?

Answer 14

pollination
fertilisation
germination

Question 15

what are the sites of pollination and fertilisation in a plant?

Answer 15

its flowers

Question 16

advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 16

• increases genetic variation
• can adapt to new environments due to its variation- giving it a survival advantage
• disease is less likely to affect the whole population- due to variation

Question 17

disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 17

• takes time and energy to find mates
• difficult for isolated members of the species to reproduce

Question 18

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

the process resulting in genetically identical offspring being produced from one parent

Question 19

what does asexual reproduction not involve?

Answer 19

gametes or fertilisation

Question 20

why is there no fusion of gametes and no mixing of genetic information?

Answer 20

because only one parent is required

Question 21

what type of offspring does asexual reproduction produce?

Answer 21

genetically identical

Question 22

what are the offspring of asexual reproduction called?

Answer 22

clones

Question 23

why is asexual reproduction an advantage in a stable environment?

Answer 23

it allows parent plants with advantageous adaptations to produce offspring with the same beneficial characteristics

Question 24

advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 24

population can be increased rapidly when conditions are right
can exploit suitable environments quickly
more time and energy efficient
reproduction is completed much faster than sexual reproduction

Question 25

disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 25

limited genetic variation in population- offspring are genetically identical to their parents population is vulnerable to changes in conditions and may only be suited for one habitat disease is likely to affect the whole population as there is no genetic variation

Question 26

what type of cell division is required in asexual reproduction?

Answer 26

mitosis

Question 27

what type of cell division is required in sexual reproduction?

Answer 27

meiosis

Question 28

what is fertilisation?

Answer 28

the fusion of gametes

Question 29

what propels the sperm?

Answer 29

the tail

Question 30

where is the male nucleus located in the sperm cell?

Answer 30

in the head

Question 31

where is the egg located?

Answer 31

the oviduct

Question 32

what is the site of fertilisation?

Answer 32

the oviduct

Question 33

what are 3 methods of asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 33

runners tubers bulbs

Question 34

what are runners?

Answer 34

a new plant is produced where the runner touches the ground

Question 35

what are tubers?

Answer 35

swollen underground stems containing lots of stored food one plant can produce many tubers which can each grow many shoots which form new plants

Question 36

what are bulbs?

Answer 36

underground buds with thick fleshy leaves containing stored food a main shoot will grow out of the parent bulb and another will grow out of the side daughter bulb, forming two plants

Question 37

what is an artificial method to grow plants from?

Answer 37

cuttings

Question 38

what are cuttings?

Answer 38

a piece of a plant's stem, with a few leaves attached, is cut from a healthy plant. this is planted in damp compost, where it will grow rots and develop into a new plant