Terrorism 6 Flashcards
Example of 9/11
if the objective was to destroy America then it clearly failed; yet if goal was to intimidate America and publicise the cause, it may be considered a success
What does the literature say about effectiveness of terrorism
with respect to the question of effectiveness there are two opposing views in the literature: 1) the first posits that terrorists are able to influence policy and public opinion and that terrorism will continue either locally or worldwide simply because it is effective (impact of airport security); 2) the second view argues that terrorists hardly ever achieve their main objectives and that terrorist groups tend to be unstable and disintegrate over time
How many terrorist groups are active after 10 years
only 37% active after 10 years
What happens to groups no longer active
43% of those still active become part of the political process; 40% are controlled by law enforcement; 10% were victorious (became government); 7% were destroyed by military
What has the Australian Government engaged in to counter terrorism (6)
1) prosecuted citizen who have either planned or who have attacked Australian citizens; 2) gone to war in Iraq, Afghanistan and Somalia; 3) created laws that protect innocent Australians and attempts to limit the freedom of people who have acted as terrorists; 4) attempted to address issues that may be discriminatory toward minority groups within the nation; 5) government de-radicalisation strategies; 6) community de-radicalisation strategies
Government de-radicalisation strategies
1) identify and divert violent extremists and where possible support them in disengaging from violent extremism; 2) identify and support at risk groups and individuals to resist and reject violent extremist ideologies; 3) build community cohesion and resilience to violent extremism; 4) communicate effectively to challenge extremist messages and support alternative narratives; 5) communities, both through their own activities and in collaboration with government, play a vital role in achieving these objectives
Community de-radicalisation strategies
Indonesian NGO which offers convicted terrorists raining once they have completed their sentence
Terrorism under the criminal justice model general features
terrorism is regarded as a crime
Terrorism under the criminal justice model state aims and means
arrest and punishment of terrorists while adhering to the rule of law
Terrorism under the criminal justice model constitutional and legal aspects
the state responds to terrorist incidents in compliance with state criminal law and is subject to constant judicial regulation
Terrorism under the criminal justice model agents
police and the criminal justice system
Terrorism under the war model general features
terrorism is regarded as an act of war
Terrorism under the war model state aims and means
elimination of terrorism
Terrorism under the war model constitutional and legal aspects
laws of war dictate counterterrorist measures, and consequently, any constitutional or legal consideration are secondary
Terrorism under the war model agents
intelligence and military units
