Alcohol Abuse 10

Question 1

Lovibond & Caddy (1972) and Hunt & Azrin (1972) Phase 1

Answer 1

During first (baseline) phase, gave them total access to alcohol (patients recorded 0.2% BAL)

Question 2

Lovibond & Caddy (1972) and Hunt & Azrin (1972) Phase 2

Answer 2

(intervention 1) patients still total access to alcohol but rewarded with better food, more recreation, more visitor access if remained below established contingency criteria (of 0.08% BAL); Patients maintained BAL just below criterion

Question 3

Lovibond & Caddy (1972) and Hunt & Azrin (1972) Phase 3

Answer 3

(return to baseline) patients were given free access to alcohol with contingencies removed (BAL increased to 0.2%)

Question 4

Hunt & Azrin (1972) Phase 4

Answer 4

(intervention 2) contingencies reintroduced, drinking rate decreased to criterion (< 0.08% BAL).

Question 5

What did findings Lovibond & Caddy (1972) and Hunt & Azrin (1972) demonstrate

Answer 5

that drinking behaviour was under the control of the patients and that they could choose to remain under an arbitrary BAL

Question 6

Advantages of controlled drinking (5)

Answer 6

1) Alcohol abusers are more willing to admit lack of control than they have a disease and have to stop drinking (more help and help earlier); 2) Social drinking is less socially disruptive and therefore more acceptance and less relapse; 3) Avoids the label of loss of control (see attribution theory); 4) Alternatively, once abuser has learnt control over drinking, increase in self-esteem, less likely to relapse; 5) If relapse (via stress) does occur, then avoid a total relapse (uncontrolled drinking) and can return to controlled drinking

Question 7

What happened after final phase

Answer 7

At this point, Lovibond & Caddy (1972) ceased the study and left the institutionalised alcoholics to the total abstinent program however Hunt & Azrin (1972) implemented a relapse prevention program

Question 8

Hunt & Azrin (1972) relapse prevention program

Answer 8

1) matched controls from the same hospital who underwent the traditional (total abstinence) treatment; 2) Gave them individual skills training programs and community networking skills in: Social behavioural skills training – how to say “no”; Developing work and interview skills; Marital and family counselling

Question 9

Outcomes of Hunt & Azrin (1972) relapse prevention program (7)

Answer 9

compared with matched abstinent controls 1) Spent less time drinking (even though they were allowed to drink (controlled versus abstinence); 2) Drank less alcohol; 3) Stayed employed longer; 4) Earned more money; 5) Were re-hospitalized less (direct measure of relapse); 6) Spent more time with spouse and family; 7) Engaged in more sport and (general) recreational activities

Question 10

Conclusion of Hunt & Azrin (1972) relapse prevention program

Answer 10

environmental programming helps prevent relapse

Question 11

600,000 USA prisoners released each year but (2)

Answer 11

most face homelessness in unsafe neighbourhoods; many experience substance abuse disorders

Question 12

Problems with current detox programs (3)

Answer 12

1) are time limited; 2) currently are becoming briefer due to budget cuts and increased demand; 3) have a high (80%+) release rate

Question 13

Oxford house (3)

Answer 13

1) safe, affordable housing provides the foundation for a productive and sustainable life; 2) provides 1500 houses, each accomodating 6-12 ex-prisoners; 3) provides safe housing and job support

Question 14

Oxford house program evaluation

Answer 14

community psychologists evaluated program by following 150 ex-prisoners over 2 years post release; compared oxford house to traditional after-care

Question 15

Oxford house findings

Answer 15

total abstinence 69%; re-incarcerated 3%; average monthly income $989