Crime 8

Question 1

Crime reporting varies with

Answer 1

varies with crime type; seriousness

Question 2

Crime type and percentage reporting

Answer 2

theft 33%; rape 37%; car theft 83%

Question 3

How important is victim reporting

Answer 3

97% of all crime investigations by the police result from citizen notification; 60% of all crime reporting from victims

Question 4

Greenberg & Ruback (1992) studied

Answer 4

studied which variables predict crime reporting

Question 5

Greenberg & Ruback (1992) found (6)

Answer 5

no difference in individual variables of gender; cultural/ethnic background; education level; developmental age; socioeconomic level; personality variables

Question 6

Greenberg & Ruback (1992) found social variables

Answer 6

delay in reporting; environmental factors; social comparison

Question 7

Greenberg & Ruback (1992) Delay in reporting (3)

Answer 7

The majority of crimes are not reported immediately; 50% (or median time) for crimes to be reported 1.67 hours; 84% of crimes are reported within 24 hours

Question 8

Greenberg & Ruback (1992) Environmental factors (3)

Answer 8

greater time delays by type of crime rape vs assault; greater delays if discovered early in the day; greater delays if there is not a suspect

Question 9

Greenberg & Ruback (1992) Social comparison (6)

Answer 9

62% of victims talk to someone (rape 78%); 85% of victims talk to at least two others; 79% discussed the crime with a friend/relative; 44% sought advice or obtain information; 81% of victims recalled receiving advice; 95% recalled the advice was to report the crime

Question 10

Jackson (1996) study found

Answer 10

social influence; 73% followed recommendation of similar other, which supports the social comparison theory and demonstrates the power of social influence

Question 11

Jackson (1996) recommended by other and actual behaviour

Answer 11

recommended by other + reported crime (50%); recommended by other but did not report (18%); recommended by other to not report but did report (9%); recommended by other to not report and did not report (23%)

Question 12

CPTED

Answer 12

Crime prevention through environmental design

Question 13

CPTED involves (6)

Answer 13

territoriality; surveillance; access control; target hardening; image/maintenance; activity support

Question 14

Surveillance and visibility (3)

Answer 14

Maximise opportunities for observation; As part of everyday activities; Through effective lighting and uninterrupted lines of sight

Question 15

Territoriality

Answer 15

encourage a sense of ownership of local space; make the ownership visible to strangers