Psychotherapy A 5

Question 1

Placebo group

Answer 1

standard treatment with non-active ingredient

Question 2

Control group

Answer 2

no treatment, no ingredient

Question 3

Outcome medicine

Answer 3

no medicine effect if not significantly effective over placebo

Question 4

In psychotherapy…

Answer 4

psychotherapy is all social psychology

Question 5

Psychotherapy

Answer 5

has specific theory driven treatment (therapies); has social psychological placebo factors that are non-specific and common to all psychotherapies

Question 6

In psychotherapy, evaluation research…

Answer 6

has difficulty separating the two; in practice, placebo appears present but it is not used deliberately to achieve treatment gains

Question 7

Outcome psychotherapy

Answer 7

cannot determine whether there is an active (theoretical) ingredient or if the outcome is nothing but placebo

Question 8

Universality of behaviours in psychotherapy

Answer 8

although each culture has its own psychotherapy [see Morita therapy – practice of Naikan], there are seven common dimensions for all psychotherapies

Question 9

7 common dimensions for all psychotherapy across cultures

Answer 9

1) active participation by client and/or family; 2) mobilisation of hope; 3) faith in therapist; 4) therapist providing an authoritative figure; 5) therapist has a warm personal quality; 6) analysis of problem, identification of cause and explanation that is culturally consistent; 7) pro-active prescription for change = client needs guidance, support, direction regarding the problem

Question 10

Smith & Glass (1977)

Answer 10

completed a meta-analysis that attempted to: 1) determine the efficacy of different modes of psychotherapy; 2) determine the relative contribution of placebo

Question 11

How does meta-analysis work

Answer 11

the researcher defines which studies will be included; the effect size within each study is calculated; the average effect size across studies is calculated

Question 12

Smith & Glass (1977) was one…

Answer 12

study was one of the 6 major meta-analyses done in the 70s and 80s comparing different psychotherapies

Question 13

Selection criterion for this study

Answer 13

study had to compare one therapy with another therapy or a placebo control

Question 14

Types of psychotherapy included in meta-analysis

Answer 14

types of psychotherapy included counselling but not hypnotherapy, bibliotherapy, or drug therapies

Question 15

How many studies were analysed Smith & Glass (1977)

Answer 15

identified approximately 1000 studies, analyses 375