ADHD 7

Question 1

Choose to visit a practitioner (2)

Answer 1

diagnoses is correct and prescribed medication will work; worked in the past with no (few) instances of not working

Question 2

Attribution

Answer 2

if medication did not work = blame practitioner not medicine and change practitioner

Question 3

Behavioural reaction to medication (2)

Answer 3

an expectation of getting better = less anxious and depressed (associated physical and psychological symptoms disappear such as fatigue, insomnia, upset stomach and diarrhoea); and = more positive and active (attention shifted from internal pain and discomfort to external life events resulting in a decrease in pain

Question 4

As illness symptoms decrease

Answer 4

patient attributes change to medication

Question 5

ADHD (hyperactive) placebo research

Answer 5

Humphries et al (1978); 2 studies

Question 6

Humphries et al (1978) Study 1

Answer 6

compared parents of hyperactive child with parent-child grads of control non-hyperactive children and found parents of hyperactive children were more intrusive, argumentative, demanding and non-reinforcing compared to parents of non-hyperactive control parents

Question 7

Humphries et al (1978) Study 2

Answer 7

compared placebo hyperactive parent child dyads before medication and after the onset of placebo effect and found these negative self-maintaining behaviours disappeared

Question 8

Conclusion of Humphries et al (1978)

Answer 8

with onset of medication (called good boy pills), parents changed expectations (no longer problem child needs to be controlled); changed controlling behaviours to non-intrusive, non-demanding and maintained child’s changed behaviour

Question 9

What do these studies conclude

Answer 9

studies conclude a vicious cycle; child misbehaves, parent introduces coercive commands, child increases misbehaviour, parents increase coerciveness (Patterson’s coercion theory)

Question 10

Attribution theory

Answer 10

the process by which individuals explain the causes of behaviour and events

Question 11

Attribution theory developed by

Answer 11

developed by Fritz Heider, Harold Kelley and Bernard Weiner

Question 12

What do people strive for

Answer 12

while people strive to find accurate explanations for their behaviour, they often develop biases; these attribution errors are distorted by the need for self-enhancement

Question 13

Example

Answer 13

when parents see medication changing child behaviour they will attribute to a biological condition within the child rather than environmental influences (parenting outside the child)

Question 14

Why

Answer 14

because it avoids parents blaming themselves

Question 15

Why are these changes not maintained when medication is removed

Answer 15

the medication treats symptoms (not the neurological disorder) hence does not permanently change behaviour but has both physical and psychological side effects