Alcohol Abuse 1

Question 1

Medical-disease model versus biopsychosocial model

Answer 1

debate between perceived control over addictions - none versus total control

Question 2

Attribution theory

Answer 2

if people perceive they have no control, what are the implications for treatment and prevention of relapse?

Question 3

Theory of planned behaviour

Answer 3

this indicates that the best predictor of [problem] behaviour is intentions, their beliefs, the social norms perceived control over the situation

Question 4

Learning theory

Answer 4

operant [behaviour driven by positive and negative consequences] and social learning theory [vicarious], where humans learn from significant role models in their lives

Question 5

Overall impact of alcohol

Answer 5

Judged as the second most serious (and preventable) health problem in Australia (after cancer and before cardiovascular disease)

Question 6

Estimated frequency in Australia consumption alcohol

Answer 6

80+% consume alcohol annually

Question 7

Estimated frequency in Australia deaths due to alcohol

Answer 7

31,000 Australian deaths annually are attributed to excessive alcohol use

Question 8

Estimated frequency in Australia alcohol abuse

Answer 8

1/20 adults abuse alcohol; 1/4 people are personally affected (that is, personal knowledge of someone who abuses alcohol)

Question 9

Overall impact in terms of harm to self and others

Answer 9

considered to be the most harmful compared to other drugs (e.g. heroin, cocaine etc.)

Question 10

Overall impact alcohol and addiction

Answer 10

not most addictive, but the drug that most are addicted to

Question 11

Overall biological impact of alcohol

Answer 11

brain damage; liver disease; cardiovascular (heart) disease; cancer (mainly all areas of the digestive tract but increases risk in most other cancers); obesity, diabetes, malnutrition (lack of vitamin B); unintentional and intentional injuries (50+% of all first time hospital admission for adults is alcohol related)

Question 12

Overall psychosocial impact of alcohol (12)

Answer 12

1) 75% of industrial accidents; 2) 70% of all assaults (domestic or otherwise); 3) 69% of all drowning’s (at least one adult); 4) 60% of all homicides (either offender, victim or both); 5) 55% of all suicides; 6) 50% (was 75%) of traffic fatalities; 8) 50% of rapes (offender, victim or both); 9) 49% of child abuse (including neglect); 10) 40% of pedestrian fatalities (up from 25%); 11) 40% of all arrests (incl. public intoxication); 12) People under the influence of alcohol are 8 times more likely to contract a sexually transmitted disease (including increase chances of one night stands)

Question 13

Alcohol and binge drinking increase…

Answer 13

significantly increases risk of sexual victimisation (unwanted sexual experiences or sexual aggression) by both strangers and acquaintances

Question 14

Incapacitated rape

Answer 14

rape when unable to provide consent because of [any drug] intoxication

Question 15

Best predictors of incapacitated rape

Answer 15

1) Binge [heavy episodic] drinking; 2) Sex-related alcohol [positive] expectancies [see attitudes TPB] - enhancement of sexual pleasure and creating dis-inhibition (using alcohol for negative reasons) – see operant conditioning